ПРЕХОДЪТ НА БЪЛГАРСКОТО ЗЕМЕДЕЛИЕ: СЪСТОЯНИЕ, ПРОБЛЕМИ И ПЕРСПЕКТИВИ

The characteristics of the agrarian reform, the problems and results of the restructuring of Bulgarian agriculture during the transition period, also the impact of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on overall policies in the period of preparation for accession to the EU have been reviewed in this article. The analysis demonstrates that the problems of restructuring of agriculture in Bulgaria are more specifi c compared to those of the other Central and West European countries. They can be solved through a sound comprehensive analysis of the economic, fi nancial, organizational, demographic, psychological and political factors in the context of CAP.В статията се изследвани основните черти, особеностите на аграрната реформа, проблемите и резултатите от организационно-стопанското преструктуриране на българското земеделие в прехода към пазарен тип отношения и въздействието на европейската аграрна политика върху неговото развитие при подготовката на страната за присъединяване към Европейския съюз /ЕС/. Анализът на резултатите доказва, че проблемите на преструктуриране на аграрния сектор в България са по-специфични в сравнение с другите страни от Централна и Източна Европа. Те се решават при задълбочен анализ на икономическите, финансовите организационно- управленските, демографските, психологическите и политически фактори в контекста на общата европейската аграрна политика

EFFECTS AND PERSPECTIVES OF THE IMPACT OF COMMON AGRICULTURAL POLICY/CAP/ ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF FARMS IN BULGARIA

The aim of this paper is to make an expert evaluation of the effects and perspectives of the impact of the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on the development of the agricultural sector in Bulgaria, based on the empiric survey, as well as analyzing the measures for improving its influence over the economic, financial, marketing and manufacturing aspects of the development of farms. The method of expert evaluation has been used ranked depending on specific criteria. The required assessment information is achieved with the help of expert evaluations, presented on ranking scale, based on the personal preference to a specific variable of the people that participated in the inquiry. As the main characteristics of the expert evaluation, in the following study, a summarized evaluation is used of the aggregate view, as well as evaluation of the agreement of the experts who took part in the enquiry. Expert’s evaluations regarding the relative importance of the measures of the impact of the CAP for developing the farms show that the most significant influence is the manufacturing and managerial efficiency of the farms and their competitiveness. The expert evaluation shows that the improvement in the market infrastructure, the simplification of the procedures and the increase in the national additional payments are of strategic importance for the future development of the farms in the countr

Production risks in Bulgarian peanut production

As farmers in a transition economy search for new crop enterprises with a potential for income enhancement they are faced with increased risks in the process of resource allocation. It has been noted that biased estimation of production function estimates results from the lack of accountability of risks. Since peanut production in Bulgaria has increased at a varying rate since 1989 it is important that we examine the risks associated with input use. The data for this study were collected from farmers from 18 villages in the southern part of Bulgaria. A total of 205 farmers were surveyed for this study. Peanut yield in Bulgaria is positively related to the quantity of seed used, fungicide, manual labor, investment level and mechanized labor used. Peanut yield is negatively influenced by investment levels but positively by the increase of manual labor. The response of yield to quantity of seed used is elastic, and an addition of a kg of peanut seeds may increase yield by 32kg. However, as the quantity of seeds used per ha increases the risk is expected to increase, hence farmers may be cautious in increasing the quantity of seeds used. Investment capital, manual labor and mechanized labor are positively related to yield and there will be a reduction in yield if the optimal levels of those inputs are surpassed. Thus farmers may increase yield and production by augmenting the seeding rate, other factors remaining constant.Agricultural and Food Policy,

ИКОНОМИКА НА ФЪСТЪКОПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО В БЪЛГАРИЯ ПРЕЗ ПРЕХОДНИЯ ПЕРИОД

We examined peanut production systems and selected factors affecting the development of commercial peanut enterprises in Bulgaria. A survey of 220 individual farms and farm cooperatives engaged in the cultivation of peanuts was conducted during 2000 and 2002. Poor farm structure, low level of technology, and nonconformity to farm decision making impede the financial and economic development of Bulgarian peanut production and farm growth, thus limiting farm enterprises emergence into competitive economic units financially operative in a freemarket economy. The underlying cost structure, couple with small farms, averaging 0.8 ha in size, prevent farmers from capturing economies of scale, limit farm profitability and hence farm modernization. The lack of owned farm machinery, equipment and storage facilities renders the restructuring and specialization extremely difficult. However, peanut production is still a viable farm enterprise for Bulgarian farmers.Изследвана е системата на производство на фъстъци и факторите влияещи върху развитието на фъстъчения сектор в България. Проучени са 220 индивидуални и кооперативни земеделски стопанства произвеждащи фъстъци през периода 2000-2002 г. Неподходящата структура на земеделските стопанства, ниското технологично равнище, несъобразяването с процеса на вземане на решения затрудняват финансовото и икономическото развитие и ръста на производството на фъстъци. По такъв начин се ограничава и процеса на превръщане на земеделските стопанства в конкурентни единици, способни да работят ефективно в условията на пазарна икономика. Структурата на разходите, наред с дребните земеделски стопанства със средна обработваема площ 0.8 ha възпрепятствуват извличането на полза от икономия от мащаба, ограничават продуктивността, а от тук и процеса на модернизиране на стопанствата. Липсата на собствена техника, оборудване и складова база предопределят и големите трудности на преструктуриране и специализация на производството. Независимо от това, производството на фъстъци все още е изгодно за българските фермери

ФИНАНСОВО ИКОНОМИЧЕСКИ АНАЛИЗ НА ПРОИЗВОДСТВОТО НА ФЪСТЪЦИ В БЪЛГАРИЯ

Peanut is not listed as one of the major crops in the Bulgarian agricultural sector, but its economic and fi nancial viability is promising, but unknown. We use enterprise budgets, capital budgeting techniques, risk analysis and logistic regression models to examine the fi nancial and economic structure of peanut farms and to evaluate the factors infl uencing short and long-term profi tability. The results show that peanut production is a profi table venture for most peanut farmers in Bulgaria. Long-run analyses show that peanut production may be economically feasible and producers engaged in production for a period of seven years, and at a discount rate of 13%, may generate internal rates of return (IRR) that vary from -20.57% to 67.39%. About 70% of the farms studied had IRRs greater than the discount rate. Sensitivity analyses show that profi tability of peanut production was infl uenced by yield and variable costs. There were risks at the village level associated with peanut production.Въпреки, че фъстъците не са основна култура за България, те имат значителен икономически и финансов потенциал, който не е достатъчно проучен. За изследване на икономическото и финансово състояние на стопанствата произвеждащи фъстъци, както и за оценка на факторите, които влияят върху ефективността в кратко срочен и дългосрочен аспект бяха използвани техниките на производствените и капиталови бюджети, анализ на риска и логистични регресионни модели. Получените резултати показаха, че за повечето стопанства отглеждащи фъстъци в България производството е рентабилно. Анализите в дългосрочен план показват, че производството на фъстъци за период от седем години може да бъде икономическо оправдано при дисконтов фактор от 13%, като вътрешната норма на възвращаемост (IRR) варира от 20.57% до 67.39%. За около 70% от изследваните стопанства IRR превишава дискантовия фактор. Резултатите от анализа на чувствителността показват, че ефективността на производството на фъстъци се влияе от средните добиви и променливите разходи. На равнище селище съществуват някои рискове на производство на фъстъци

THE ECONOMICS OF PEANUT PRODUCTION IN BULGARIA DURING THE TRANSITION PERIOD

We examined peanut production systems and selected factors affecting the development of commercial peanut enterprises in Bulgaria. A survey of 220 individual farms and farm cooperatives engaged in the cultivation of peanuts was conducted during 2000 and 2002. Poor farm structure, low level of technology, and nonconformity to farm decision making impede the financial and economic development of Bulgarian peanut production and farm growth, thus limiting farm enterprises emergence into competitive economic units financially operative in a freemarket economy. The underlying cost structure, couple with small farms, averaging 0.8 ha in size, prevent farmers from capturing economies of scale, limit farm profitability and hence farm modernization. The lack of owned farm machinery, equipment and storage facilities renders the restructuring and specialization extremely difficult. However, peanut production is still a viable farm enterprise for Bulgarian farmers

TRANSITION OF BULGARIAN AGRICULTURE: PRESENT SITUATION, PROBLEMS AND PERSPECTIVES FOR DEVELOPMENT

The characteristics of the agrarian reform, the problems and results of the restructuring of Bulgarian agriculture during the transition period, also the impact of the European Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) on overall policies in the period of preparation for accession to the EU have been reviewed in this article. The analysis demonstrates that the problems of restructuring of agriculture in Bulgaria are more specifi c compared to those of the other Central and West European countries. They can be solved through a sound comprehensive analysis of the economic, fi nancial, organizational, demographic, psychological and political factors in the context of CAP

PR - Development And Challenges Of Bulgarian Dairy Industry In The Last Two Decades (p181-188)

This paper provides an overview of the dairy sector in Bulgaria and discusses the challenges and opportunities faced by this sector in the last two decades. The dairy sector in Bulgaria has passed through several phases: transition period (1990-1999), EU pre-accession period (2000-2006) and post-accession period (since 2007). Each of these periods strongly impacted the development of this sector. Review of existing literature and data were used for the analysis of the dairy sector in Bulgaria. New market, economic and organisational environment negatively impacted this sector. However, EU membership has presented some opportunities for revitalising the dairy sector and for improving the competitiveness of the Bulgarian dairy products

Development of a competency model of managers and experts in the human resources management in the holdings of the agricultural sector

The development of a set of professional competencies for managers and experts in the human resources management requires purposeful activity to improve the particular knowledge, skills and abilities. Their development has a direct or indirect impact on the results of the production and business operations of the agricultural holdings in the sector. This makes it necessary to investigate the levels of development of the professional competencies of the managers and experts on human resources management, by revealing opportunities for their sophistication and management. The purpose of this article is to analyse the status and development of the professional competencies of the managers and the human resources management through assessment of their role in increasing production and economic efficiency of the farms in the agricultural sector