Ethical issues in public health communication: Practical suggestions from a qualitative study on campaigns about organ donation in Switzerland

In Switzerland, in spite of a positive attitude towards organ donation, the population seems to overlook the public health messages about it. Based on a qualitative study on campaigns about organ donation, the article aims to give practical suggestions to prevent undesirable effects in public health communication. The study provides a linguistic analysis of the messages about organ donation produced by the Swiss Federal Office of Public Health. Such a method enables us to understand who communicates what, to whom, how and what for, and gives us empirical data to discuss ethical concerns in relation to the effects of public health messages. The analysis shows that the messages, apart from those relying on the expertise of healthcare professionals, are based on the representation of lay persons. The latter strategy generates the depiction of imagined communities. Beyond the usual concerns relating to organ donation (e.g., consent, altruism), the analysis of FOPH messages indicates that ethical issues in public health communication are grounded on three relational dimensions (intersubjectivity, cooperation and equity). A procedure assessing the ethical concerns of public health communication in terms of social identities and relational consequences could identify and prevent problems relating to the undesirable effects of messages. The datasets used and analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author upon reasonable request

Ethical reflections emerging during the activity of a low threshold facility with supervised drug consumption room in Geneva, Switzerland

A drug consumption room (DCR), 'Quai 9', opened in Geneva, Switzerland in 2001. As part of its evaluation, a study of situations which presented staff with ethical conflicts in their day to day work was undertaken in 2003. Problem situations were identified via an open ended questionnaire and non-participatory observations. The nature of the ethical conflicts encountered in the identified situations was discussed in a staff focus group and analysed using an ethical framework based on three levels of norms (personal, professional, institutional) adapted from a clinical setting. In a second focus group, an applied analysis, using the same level of norms from the first focus group, was presented to the staff to assist them dealing with ethical conflicts. Situations associated with ethical conflicts for staff were assisting clients to inject, client refusal to seek treatment in spite of poor health, new injectors, prohibition of access to minors, pregnant clients, client self mutilation, and non-participation in proposed activities. The study showed that despite Quai 9's clear objectives, expressed philosophy, and operational rules, the staff were frequently exposed to ethically conflicting situations. However, open and structured discussion of these situations using an ethical framework which allowed the identification of different norms and discussion of their respective importance in order to reach a common decision was feasible and useful in a DCR setting. [Authors]]]> Substance Abuse, Intravenous ; Substance Abuse Treatment Centers oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_8D3C1A76E1EC 2022-05-07T01:22:30Z <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_8D3C1A76E1EC Reponse immunitaire: aspects nouveaux. [Immune response: current aspects] info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/2785702 Cerottini, J. C. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 1989-03 Revue Médicale de la Suisse Romande, vol. 109, no. 3, pp. 201-3 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pissn/0035-3655 Antibody Formation Antigen-Antibody Reactions B-Lymphocytes/*immunology Humans Immunity, Cellular T-Lymphocytes/*immunology oai:serval.unil.ch:BIB_8D3C480D64EF 2022-05-07T01:22:30Z openaire documents urnserval <oai_dc:dc xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns:oai_dc="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/" xsi:schemaLocation="http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc/ http://www.openarchives.org/OAI/2.0/oai_dc.xsd"> https://serval.unil.ch/notice/serval:BIB_8D3C480D64EF PKA antagonizes CLASP-dependent microtubule stabilization to re-localize Pom1 and buffer cell size upon glucose limitation. info:doi:10.1038/ncomms9445 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/doi/10.1038/ncomms9445 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/pmid/26443240 Kelkar, M. Martin, S.G. info:eu-repo/semantics/article article 2015 Nature Communications, vol. 6, pp. 8445 info:eu-repo/semantics/altIdentifier/eissn/2041-1723 urn:issn:2041-1723 <![CDATA[Cells couple growth with division and regulate size in response to nutrient availability. In rod-shaped fission yeast, cell-size control occurs at mitotic commitment. An important regulator is the DYRK-family kinase Pom1, which forms gradients from cell poles and inhibits the mitotic activator Cdr2, itself localized at the medial cortex. Where and when Pom1 modulates Cdr2 activity is unclear as Pom1 medial cortical levels remain constant during cell elongation. Here we show that Pom1 re-localizes to cell sides upon environmental glucose limitation, where it strongly delays mitosis. This re-localization is caused by severe microtubule destabilization upon glucose starvation, with microtubules undergoing catastrophe and depositing the Pom1 gradient nucleator Tea4 at cell sides. Microtubule destabilization requires PKA/Pka1 activity, which negatively regulates the microtubule rescue factor CLASP/Cls1/Peg1, reducing CLASP's ability to stabilize microtubules. Thus, PKA signalling tunes CLASP's activity to promote Pom1 cell side localization and buffer cell size upon glucose starvation

Caring moments within an interprofessional healthcare team: Children and adolescent perspectives

Patients are now recognized as key partners to improve healthcare outcomes. Some organisations such as the WHO or the Canadian Interprofessional Health Collaborative (CIHC) encourage considering patients as partners in the interprofessional healthcare team. However, limited knowledge exists on patients’ perspective of interprofessional collaboration (IPC) and of their role in the collaborative process, particularly in pediatric settings. The experiences and perspectives of patients regarding IPC have to be considered in order to fully understand the concept of IPC and integrate it into practice. This qualitative study aimed at gaining a better understanding of the perspective of children of IPC, how it affects their experiences of care and how they perceive their own role within the interprofessional team. Semi-structured interviews were used in the pediatric service of a Swiss university hospital, with ten children and adolescents aged between 11-17 years. The participants described the interactions they observed between nurses and physicians and provided insights into how they perceived the quality of that relationship. A respectful relationship between nurses and physicians may have improved the experience of a caring environment. The participants did not perceive their role to be pivotal into the interprofessional relationship. The findings of this study indicate that the interactions between healthcare professionals have an influence on the perspectives and experiences of the participants of their hospitalisation and of IPC. However, integrating children and adolescents into collaborative process will need a change of paradigm and beliefs regarding IPC

Soin et bioéthique. Réinventer la clinique

L’avènement de la bioéthique, figure de proue de l’éthique médicale contemporaine, met à l’épreuve la clinique. Sous son allure de déontologie défensive, elle permet certes d’assurer la protection de la dignité des patients face aux risques de dérives dans le cadre d’un soin technique, mais elle compromet le primat de la visée éthique de la relation interhumaine de soin, qui constitue en clinique le moment fondateur de la responsabilité éthique . Comment dès lors repenser une clinique portée par une éthique qui articulerait ces deux figures du soin, irréductibles l’une à l’autre et pourtant indissociables dans le champ de la pratique de la médecine ? Puisant aux sources des pensées de Paul Ricoeur et d’Emmanuel Lévinas, cet ouvrage propose une philosophie du soin nourrie par une éthique de l’hospitalité et de la disponibilité, mises en oeuvre dans l’exercice d’une sagesse pratique. Cette conception du soin façonne l’écrin au cœur duquel éthique et clinique peuvent être comprises comme les deux faces d’un même agir spécifique