EFFECT OF VEGETATION SHADE ON SOIL TEMPERATURE

Context and backgroundThe Polytechnic University of Valencia UPV is collaborating with Valencia City Council in Spain, as part of the European GrowGreen project, to carry out a baseline study of the neighborhood, with the aim of improving the well-being of citizens and enhancing the green infrastructure of the Benicalap district.Goal and Objectives:In this research, monthly climate data recordings are made between April 2018 and July 2012, to compare the effects of different vegetation in different areas of the Benicalap park, on the temperature inside the soil as a function of the seasons.Methodology:The methodology followed is based on digital recordings of soil temperatures and humidities at two different depths: 5 cm and 15 cm, in different selected areas within the park.  The recording period runs from April 14, 2018 to July 12, 2021. Each zone contains two points where a station for measuring soil temperature and humidity has been installed. The station is equipped with a data logger (EM50, Decagon Devices, Pullman, Washington, USA) programmed to record hourly climate data. One of the three zones contains a control point at pergola level for ambient temperature and humidity data.Results:In 5 cm soil depth: The holm oak has a cooling effect (temperature reduction rate for 5 cm depth varies from 1.21°C to 3.01°C). The orange tree has a cooling effect during the cold period (temperature reduction rate varies from 0.84°C to 0.04°C) and a warming effect during the warm period (temperature increase rate at 5 cm depth is 0.66°C). The pine grove zone has a cooling effect in both the cold and warm periods (temperature reduction rate at 5 cm depth varies from 1.48°C to 2.53°C). In 15 cm soil depth: The holm oak has a greater cooling effect at 15 cm depth than at 5 cm depth (Temperature reduction rate for 15 cm depth varies from 2.51°C to 4.31°C). The orange tree has a cooling effect during both the cold and warm periods (temperature reduction rate at 15 cm depth varies from 0.64°C to 2.14°C). The pine grove zone has a cooling effect in both the cold and warm periods (temperature reduction rate at 15cm depth varies from 2.78°C to 3.83°C), and the temperatures recorded at 15 cm depth are lower than those recorded at 5 cm depth in the pine grove zone

Accessibility and access to services and facilities in Hay Mohammadi, a new urban development in Agadir, Morocco

Hay Mohammadi is the largest new development in Agadir. Located in the north-east of the city, this district spanning over 465 ha has been designed to accommodate some 100,000 inhabitants. It was planned in 2002 and in 2007 people started to move in. So far this area is still under construction. The first observations show that it suffers from a deficiency in terms of public facilities and services. In addition, problems of accessibility and mobility have been observed in this district. It appears that this new urban development has been designed to facilitate car movement at the expense of pedestrians, cyclists and other users of public space who are obliged to share roadways because neither sidewalks nor pedestrian streets are paved. In spite of the huge investment Hay Mohammadi gives the impression of a non-regulatory urban development characterized by underequipped outdoor spaces as is often the case in developing countries

Sélection de végétaux adaptés aux terrasses des bâtiments en fonction de leur croissance

Cet article aborde la sélection de plantes adaptées aux conditions climatiques des terrasses végétalisées. Beaucoup d'espèces de plantes peuvent être utilisées, mais à travers ce projet de recherche on sélectionnera en premier lieu les plantations qui résistent aux conditions des terrasses, qui exigent un entretien réduit et qui résistent à la sécheresse. Des essais ont été effectués pour choisir des végétaux parmi plusieurs espèces à planter sur la terrasse du bâtiment, selon les critères d’adaptation au climat de la terrasse. À partir d’une liste large des plantes à potentialités d’utilisation sur les terrasses, nous avons choisi six espèces: Sedum acre vert foncé, Sedum spurium, Sedum rupestre "Angelina", Sedum rubrotineturn, Echeveria australis rose et Kalanchoe thyrsiflora sur lesquelles nous avons mené une expérimentation de comparaison sur la base de résistance à la sécheresse, de vitesse de croissance verticale et latérale en vue d’arrêter la liste des plantes à utiliser sur la terrasse à végétaliser. Les espèces retenues selon les critères précédents sont Sedum rupestre "Angelina", Echeveria australis rose et Kalanchoe thyrsiflora. La distance de plantation sur une année pour une couverture totale de la terrasse est de 17,1 cm; 10,2 cm et 48,1 cm, respectivement pour Sedum rupestre, Kalanchoe thyrsiflora et Echeveria Australis Rose. Mots-clés: Terrasse végétalisée, croissance végétative, végétalisation, plantatio