Effect of climate on the epidemiology of bovine hypodermosis in algeria

In order to explore the effect of climate on cattle warble fly infestation, a total of 1.635 animals from 4 departments of Northern Algeria were examined visually and by manual palpation for the presence of warbles. Cattle were examined from March to June 2014, coinciding with the peak of emergence of warbles, and both the prevalence and intensity of infestation were recorded. The departments included in this study were located in the two different climatic areas in Northern Algeria: humid (Bejaia and Tizi Ouzou) and semi-arid (Tissemssilt and Ain Defla). The overall prevalence was 28.75%; the intensity of infestation ranged from 1 to 98 warbles per animal (mean 18.93±11.05). The prevalence and intensity of infestation within the departments with semi-arid climate (38.23%; 21.57±11.98) was significantly higher than in those with humid climate (20.74%; 14.84±7.86). The CHAID algorithm showed the climate as the most influencing factor for warble fly prevalence, followed by the husbandry system and breed. Logistic regression and multivariate ANOVA indicate that in addition to climate, other intrinsic (age, breed) and extrinsic factors (husbandry system, treatment) included in the study also were associated with both, prevalence and intensity of infestation. Our results indicate that in semiarid areas of Northern Algeria environmental conditions are more favorable for the development of free stages (pupae and adult flies) of Hypoderma spp life-cycle than in humid areas

Infestation of dogs by <em>Rhipicephalus sanguineus</em> in two regions of the Far Northeast of Algeria

From March to August 2009, 120 dogs were examined in two bioclimatic regions of the Far Northeast of Algeria (10 dogs per month per region) to estimate the rate and intensity of infestation by the Rhipicephalus sanguineus tick. All the dogs examined were infested by these mites and 895 adult ticks were collected. R. sanguineus was the only species found in Souk-Ahras region, whereas it represented 77% of the collected ticks in El-Kala region. Two other species were identified in that area: Ixodes ricinus and Haemaphysalis punctata with 13 and 10% rates, respectively. The parasite burden was significantly higher (p < 0.01) in the semiarid region of Souk- Ahras with 9.4 ticks per dog, than in the humid region of El- Kala with 4.2 ticks per dog. The ticks have been continuously present throughout the study period. These results should be taken into account in projects to control tick infestation of dogs, with a focus on Rhipicephalus sanguineus, which is responsible for the transmission of both human and animal vector-borne diseases

Molecular evidence of Rickettsia slovaca in spleen of wild boars in northeastern Algeria

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The proportion of liver excised in Algerian abattoirs is not a good indicator of Fasciola hepatica infections in local cattle breeds.

International audienceClinical and serological investigations on 175 cattle were carried out in 1999 at the slaughterhouse of Jijel, northeastern Algeria, to verify if partial ablation of a liver infected with Fasciola hepatica represents a good epidemiological indicator in the case of fasciolosis, as partial excision of the liver is widespread throughout North African countries. This study was also performed to determine if there is a direct relationship between the quantity of liver confiscated for fasciolosis and the serological response of slaughtered animals. A significant relationship between highly infected livers and positive serological titres was noted. However, two groups of results were conflicting: the presence of macroscopically healthy, undamaged livers with a positive serology (8.3% of 120 cattle), or the existence of highly damaged livers with a negative serology (13.0% of 31 cattle). These results indicate that partial removal of the liver in the case of fasciolosis is unreliable, so this method does not represent a good tool to establish epidemiological data on this disease

Epidemiology of sheep infection by

313 sheep were examined in 1996 to assess the importance and seasonal evolution of Oestrus ovis infection in the Algerian region of El-Tarf. Prevalence was found to be 67.4 %. The larval burden was 18 larvae by infected sheep. The prevalence was higher in older sheep than in lambs; intensity was similar. The different larval stages were found all along the year in sheep with prevalence ranging from 33.1 to 80.5 % for L1 , 9.7 to 43.9 % for L2 and 8.4 to 23.0 % for L3. The sheep were the least infected in winter (prevalence from 35.7 to 44 % and intensity seven to ten larvae per sheep). The highest infection was found during the warm season (spring to autumn, prevalence from 62 to 90 % and intensity ranging from 15 to 25). This larval evolution profile suggested the existence of one long cycle (November-April) and possibly two shorts cycles (May-October). This epidemiological pattern is similar to that in Morocco but was slightly different from the situation in Tunisia where the winter cycle was apparently of lesser importance

Prevalence of <em>Cryptosporidium</em> spp. and <em>Giardia</em> spp. in cattle in the Setif region of Northeastern Algeria

The prevalence of Cryptosporidium spp. and Giardia spp. in cattle was studied in 13 dairy farms in the Setif region of Northeastern Algeria. A total of 634 fecal samples were col­lected from 302 calves and 332 adults. Cryptosporidium spp. was identified in nine farms (69.2%) and 22% of animals. The parasite was observed in all age groups but with a higher prevalence in calves aged 4–30 days (p < 0.01). Cryptosporid­ium spp. oocyst excretion was highly significantly associated with diarrheas, with a higher prevalence in calves under 30 days of age (p < 0.001). Giardia spp. was identified in 53.8% of farms and 13.8% of animals. Contrary to Cryptosporidium spp., infection by Giardia spp. seemed higher in older calves (4–12 months) (p < 0.05). No significant link was established between Giardia spp. cyst excretion and the type of feces. The presence of both parasites was revealed in 10.2% of diarrheic calves. This work shows the importance of Cryptosporidium spp. and, for the first time, that of Giardia spp. in dairy cattle of the region of Setif

Hypodermose bovine dans le Nord-Est algérien : prévalence et intensité d'infestation

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