Eco-physiological and biochemical characterization of Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande growing in Algerian Sahara under arid climate

Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande, is an Anacardiaceae autochthonous shrub of the Algerian Sahara. Its ecological, pastoral and therapeutics interests prompted us to carry out an eco-physiological and biochemical behavior in relation to aridity. Therefore, relative water content of shrub leaves were found on average 81.55% and the maximum of electrolyte leakage recorded was 14.29. The biochemical determination of proteins and sugars shows that leaves are a true source of protein (33.76 mg/g FM) and sugars (938.93 μg/g FM) while the proline assay gave a value of 824.40 μg/g. The quantitative study of flavonoids in the leaves gave a result of 36.53 mg/g. The analysis of photosynthetic pigments content showed respectively results of 28.1 μg/g, 31.24 μg/g, 56.47 μg/g and 11.23 μg/g for chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll and carotenoids. The total antioxidant capacity was evaluated and gave result of 95.5 mg GAE/g. Therefore, Rhus tripartita was found to accumulate high proportions of primary and secondary metabolites which showed a good adaptation to its arid environment. In conclusion, the plant can be considered as a xeromorphic plant, that is, a desert-adapted plant that is not limited by the water availability

Influence of Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande leaves on phytobeneficial bacteria associated with its rhizosphere: Influence des feuilles de Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande sur les bactéries phyto-bénéfiques associées à sa rhizosphère

Leaves extracts were performed using distilled water, alcohol, methanol, hexane and chloroform as solvent and diluted in concentrations of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL. Meanwhile, the extraction of total flavonoids was carried out according to the standard procedure. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was evaluated using the agar diffusion method and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out on a liquid medium. Alcohol, chloroform and methanol extracts were found to be the most effective on tested strains. The maximum zone inhibition was 18 mm, and the minimum zone inhibition was 7 mm. Bacillus licheniformis (RT 1) appears to be the most sensitive to all extracts. In contrast, Bacillus megaterium (RT 7) seems to be the less sensitive strain. On the other hand, total flavonoids had a significant effect on 25 % of the strains tested, especially Bacillus genus. With a broad antimicrobial spectrum, the Rhustripartita leaves can be considered as a control agent for the distribution of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Therefore, this study showed that the plant could influence the bacterial diversity of its rhizosphere through its leaves. Les extraits de feuilles ont été effectués utilization de l'eau distillée, de l'alcool, du méthanol, de l'hexane et du chloroforme comme solvant et dilués à des concentrations de 0,001, 0,01 et 0,1 mg/mL. L'extraction des flavonoïdes totaux a été effectuée selon une procédure standard. L'effet antimicrobien des extraits a été évalué à l'aide de la méthode de diffusion sur gélose et la détermination de la concentration minimale inhibitrice a été effectuée sur un milieu liquide. Les extraits d'alcool, de chloroforme et de méthanol se sont avérés les plus efficaces sur les souches testées. La zone d’inhibition maximale est de 18 mm et la zone d’inhibition minimale est de 7 mm. Bacillus licheniformis (RT 1) semble être le plus sensible à tous les extraits. En revanche, Bacillus megaterium (RT 7) semble être la souche la moins sensible. En revanche, les flavonoïdes totaux ont eu un effet significatif sur 25 % des souches testées, principalement le genre Bacillus. Avec un large spectre antimicrobien, les feuilles de Rhus tripartita peuvent être considérées comme un agent de contrôle pour la distribution de la communauté bactérienne dans la rhizosphère. Cette étude donc montré que la plante pouvait influencer la diversité bactérienne de sa rhizosphère à travers ses feuilles

Epidemiological study of food poisoning during the period 2001-2018 in the province of Kenitra

Foodborne illnesses can be the cause of morbidity or mortality. Collective foodborne illnesses (TIAC) are generally benign; their epidemic nature can have a significant impact in terms of public health and socio-economic aspects. The present study intends to establish a database inherent to food poisoning specific to the province of Kenitra during the period 2001-2018. These data will help inform about the current situation and the epidemiological evolution during the summer seasons of the study period. This is a retrospective case study of collective food poisoning. The consulted files include data relating to the number and characteristics of intoxicated persons in the study area, the seriousness of the cases (hospitalization, death), food and germ in question, and the factors that promote such an outbreak. The results show that, between 2001 and 2018, 43 outbreaks of TIAC were notified in the province of Kenitra, involved 367 patients (69 hospitalized and 2 deaths). The gender distribution of our sample shows a female predominance (sex ratio M/F = 0.65) with significant difference (p <0.01) (60.66% F; 39.34% M), and the age groups varied from 5 to + 30 years old of which 71.39% are under 25 years old

Influence of leaf extracts and total flavonoids of Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande on phytobeneficial bacteria associated with its rhizosphere

The article deals with the antimicrobial effect of Rhus tripartita (Ucria) Grande leaf extracts and total flavonoids against twelve antagonists Plant&nbsp; Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria of its rhizosphere, characterized in a previous study. The aim of this study is to demonstrate that leaves through&nbsp; their decomposition in the soil, may affect the distribution of bacterial communities in the rhizosphere. Leaves extracts were performed with&nbsp; distilled water, alcohol, methanol, hexane and chloroform as solvent and diluted in concentrations of 0.001, 0.01 and 0.1 mg/mL. The extraction of&nbsp; total flavonoids was carried out from leaves’ methanolic extract. The antimicrobial effect of the extracts was evaluated by the agar diffusion method&nbsp; and the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out on a liquid medium. Alcohol, chloroform and methanol extracts&nbsp; were found to be the most effective on tested strains. The maximum zone inhibition was 18 mm, and the minimum zone inhibition was 7 mm. Rt 1:&nbsp;&nbsp; Bacillus licheniformis appears to be the most sensitive to all extracts. In contrast, Rt 7: Bacillus megaterium, seems to be the less sensitive strain.&nbsp; On the other hand, total flavonoids had a significant effect on 25% of the strains tested, mainly Bacillus genus. With a broad antimicrobial spectrum,&nbsp; the Rhus tripartita leaf extracts can be considered as a control agent for the distribution of the bacterial community in the rhizosphere. Therefore,&nbsp; our work showed that the plant could influence the bacterial diversity of its rhizosphere through its leaves