Additional file 1: of Assessing the community-level impact of a decade of user fee policy shifts on health facility deliveries in Kenya, 2003-2014

Actual and predicted trends in public facility, private facility and home-based deliveries among all women following 2004, 2007, and 2013 user fee policy shifts. Note: Dotted vertical lines indicate periods when the respective policies took effect. (PDF 486 kb

Descriptive statistics of main variables.

<p>*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1 difference in the subgroups of mothers who bought the voucher for the index- OBA child and those who did not buy vouchers at all (Group 1: index-OBA versus Group 2:non-OBA) </p

Crude Odds Ratios for a facility based delivery (FBD) of the subsequent children by voucher purchase status.

<p>Standard error in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1</p

Odds ratio and (Standard deviation) of facility-based delivery (FBD) of the subsequent children.

<p>Standard error in parentheses*** p<0.01, ** p<0.05, * p<0.1</p

Difference-in-Differences Estimates of Program Effect on Phase II PNC Client-Reported Outcomes.

<p>*** p<0.01,</p><p>** p<0.05,</p><p>* p<0.1</p><p>Notes: p-values generated using unpaired t-tests assuming unequal variance. “2010” p-values indicate probability of differences between the intervention vs. comparison mean scores at the 2010 data collection time point; “post-rollout” p-values compare the intervention vs. comparison mean sores at the 2012 data collection time point. Difference-in-differences estimates are reported as incidence rate ratios. Robust standard errors are clustered at the health facility level. Columns (1)–(3) report difference-in-difference estimates of program effect under 3 model specifications. Covariates in models (2) and (3) include categorical variables for facility type, facility sector, and client socioeconomic status quintile.</p><p>Difference-in-Differences Estimates of Program Effect on Phase II PNC Client-Reported Outcomes.</p

Facility- and Individual-Level Characteristics of Observed PNC Consultations at 2010 Data Collection.

<p><b>Notes:</b> p-values generated using Pearson’s <i>χ</i>² tests for independence.</p><p>Facility- and Individual-Level Characteristics of Observed PNC Consultations at 2010 Data Collection.</p

Overall PNC process scores, by study arm and time.

<p>Overall PNC process scores, by study arm and time.</p

Maternal PNC process scores, by study arm and time.

<p>Maternal PNC process scores, by study arm and time.</p

Attributes of Postnatal Care: Structure, Process, and Outcome.

<p>Attributes of Postnatal Care: Structure, Process, and Outcome.</p

Timing of Surveys and Voucher Program Rollout.

<p>Timing of Surveys and Voucher Program Rollout.</p