Facility-based studies of invasive salmonellosis in children in sub-Saharan Africa (arranged by study site and chronologic order).

<p>Facility-based studies of invasive salmonellosis in children in sub-Saharan Africa (arranged by study site and chronologic order).</p

Clinical features on admission and outcome of febrile cases, by non-mutually exclusive laboratory-confirmed groups^*.

<p>*Comparisons of categorical data were made using the Chi square or Fishers' Exact test, as appropriate. Comparisons of continuous data were made using student's t-test for data with equal variance or Welch's t-test for those with unequal variance.</p

The study population.

<p>The study population.</p

Bacterial species isolated from 156 children with bacteremia, ranked^* according to frequency.

<p>*Rank (by age group and overall) was the same for organisms with the same frequency.</p><p>**Species included: Candida (n = 1), Citrobacter braakii (n = 1), Haemophilus parainfluenzae (n = 2), Pantoea species (n = 1), Gram negative rods not identified (n = 6).</p><p>***Species included: Bacillus (n = 19), Diphtheroids (n = 6), Micrococcus (n = 6), alpha-hemolytic Streptococcus viridans (n = 3), coagulase negative Staphylococcus (n = 98), yeast (n = 5), mixed bacterial species (n = 4), Gram positive rods not identified (n = 1).</p

Demographic, clinical, and laboratory characteristics of children diagnosed with severe falciparum malaria according to outcome.

<p>BCS, Blantyre coma scale; BE, base excess; GCS, Glasgow coma scale, Hb, haemoglobin.</p

Plasma PfHRP2 according to clinical and laboratory features of severe malaria.

<p>BCS, Blantyre coma scale; BE, base excess; GCS, Glasgow coma scale, Hb, haemoglobin.</p>a<p>Data are geometric mean (95% CI).</p>b<p>BE available for n = 3,075 and Hb available for n = 3,264 due to missing i-STAT values.</p>c<p>Compensated and decompensated shock combined.</p

Parasite density, Sequestration Index and Treatment effects of artesunate versus quinine according to <i>Pf</i>HRP2 tertiles.

†<p>Tertiles derived from complete <i>Pf</i>HRP2 data set (n = 3,826).</p

Comparison of circulating parasite burden and total parasite burden between surviving (blue circles, n = 3,070) and fatal (red squares, n = 327) cases.

<p>Circulating parasite burden was calculated from the peripheral blood parasitaemia and the total parasite burden was estimated from plasma <i>Pf</i>HRP2, including 3,397 patients with both detectable <i>Pf</i>HRP2 and malaria parasites on the peripheral blood smear.</p

Acquired multidrug-resistance in Nigerian <i>S</i>. Typhi isolates.

<p>Maximum likelihood tree of 128 Nigerian <i>S</i>. Typhi isolates from 2,541 SNPs is shown on the left. On the right is a heatmap which shows, for each isolate, its multidrug-resistant (MDR) status (purple), the presence of <i>gyrA</i> mutations (dark green S83Y; light green S83F), resistance genes <i>cat</i>, <i>blaTEM</i>, <i>dfrA</i>, <i>sul1/2</i>, <i>strAB</i>, <i>tetB/AR</i>, <i>qnr</i> (red) and plasmids, including IncHI1 (dark blue), Kpn3 (light blue), IncY (orange), IncQ1 (light pink), IncFIIs (yellow) and Col(RNAI) (magenta). Different colored bars within the plasmid column show isolates that harbor multiple plasmids with each bar representing a plasmid type. The absence of a genotype or plasmid was displayed in grey. Branch lengths are indicative of the estimated substitution rate per variable site.</p

Presence of antimicrobial resistance of <i>S</i>. Typhi in the study areas.

<p>The proportion of <i>S</i>. Typhi isolates that were resistant to one or more antimicrobials (red line) and were multidrug-resistant (MDR; defined as resistance to ampicillin, chloramphenicol and trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, blue line) are shown. Percentages are of the total <i>S</i>. Typhi isolated per year.</p