Degradation of human α-fodrin by SigA.

<p>Purified GST-fodrin was incubated with SigA (lanes 1, 2 and 3) or Pet positive control (lanes 4, 5 and 6) for zero (lanes 1 and 4) or 6 h (lanes 2 and 5). Lanes 3 and 6 shows SigA or Pet, respectively, pre-treated with PMSF and incubated with GST-fodrin for 6 h. The top arrow indicates the 109 kDa GST-fodrin fusion protein and the 74 kDa subproduct of degradation is indicated by the bottom arrow.</p

Antibody response against <i>S. flexneri</i> 2a SigA in a human volunteer.

<p>Concentrated culture supernatant extracts were separated by SDS-PAGE and immunoreacted with human post-challenge serum. Lanes: 1, molecular mass markers (kDa); 2, supernatant of <i>S. flexneri</i> 2a YSH6000T (parent strain); 3, supernatant of SBA1356 (<i>sepA</i> and <i>she</i> deficient double mutant); 4, supernatant of SBA1359 (<i>sigA-sepA-she</i> triple mutant). The arrowhead indicates the reactivity of serum from a volunteer against the 103-kDa secreted SigA antigen.</p

Comparison of the integrative conjugative element, ICE<i>Pmu1</i>, present in 36950 strain [33] with the genomes of 36950, Pm70, combined HN06 and 3480, combined M1404 (B:2), ATTK, BUKK, Faisal, Karachi, Islm, Pesh, PVAcc, THA, THD and THF strains and combined BUKK and TX1 strains, displayed as the outer rings inside to outside respectively.

<p>The three inner rings show the DNA size, GC content and GC skew of the reference element (ICE<i>Pmu1</i>). The five outer rings show regions of the comparison genomes that match the reference ICE<i>Pmu1</i>. Figure was drawn using BRIG [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130296#pone.0130296.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>].</p

Haemorrhagic septicaemia-associated strains of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> used in this study.

<p>Haemorrhagic septicaemia-associated strains of <i>Pasteurella multocida</i> used in this study.</p

Sequencing and assembly statistics for the genomes of the 12 Asian HS-associated strains.

<p>¹Sequence coverage of the 12 assembled genomes is given relative to Pm70 (reference genome).</p><p>Sequencing and assembly statistics for the genomes of the 12 Asian HS-associated strains.</p

Flower plot diagram showing core and unique genes across all strains.

<p>The central circle shows the number of genes common to all strains while the petals show the number of genes in addition to the core set, as well as the number of genes unique to each strain (in brackets). Abbreviated strain names are given outside each petal, strain details are given in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130296#pone.0130296.t001" target="_blank">Table 1</a>. The B:2 HS-related strains are shaded as follows; M1404 is orange, Thai strains are blue and the Pakistani strains are green. Non-B:2 strains are shaded in grey.</p

Unrooted neighbour-joining trees showing the phylogenetic relationship between various strains.

<p>A. Relationship between <i>Gallibacterium anatis</i>, <i>Mannheimia haemolytica</i>, <i>Pasteurella dagmatis</i>, <i>Pasteurella bettyae</i> and the <i>P</i>. <i>multocida</i> strains Pm70, 36950, HN06, P3480, X73, VP161, Anand1C, Anand1B, Anand1P, Anand1G, P1059, P52VAC, VTCCBAA264, M1404 and the twelve Pakistani and Thai isolates. B. Relationship between the <i>P</i>. <i>multocida</i> strains. C. Relationship between the HS-associated <i>P</i>. <i>multocida</i> B:2 strain M1404 and the twelve Pakistani and Thai isolates. Phylogenetic relatedness for all comparisons was determined by analysis of only the single nucleotide polymorphisms found at conserved positions in all genomes of the comparison set (CG-SNPs); 789 shared positions for the tree in panel A, 7,829 shared positions for the tree in panel B and 722 shared positions for the tree in panel C. Trees were rendered with SplitsTree v4.11.3 [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130296#pone.0130296.ref034" target="_blank">34</a>]. The line segments above the trees with the number '0.01' indicate the branch length representing a genetic change of 0.01.</p

Genomic location of each of the four putative temperate phages identified by PHAST.

<p>¹Genome numbering is relative to the PVAcc strain</p><p>Genomic location of each of the four putative temperate phages identified by PHAST.</p

Comparison of the genomes of 3480, 36950, HN06, Pm70, M1404, BUKK, TX1, THA, THD, THF, ATTK, Faisal, Islm, Pesh, PVAcc, V1 and Karachi with the genome of the PVAcc strain.

<p>The three inner rings show the DNA size, GC content and GC skew of the reference genome (PVAcc strain). The 17 outer rings show regions of the comparison genomes that match the reference genome PVAcc and in the order (inside to outside) 3480, 36950, HN06, Pm70, M1404, BUKK, Tx1, THA, THD, THF, ATTK, Faisal, Islm, Pesh, PVAcc, V1 and Karachi. Regions 1–4 on the outside identify particular regions of difference between the strains that are potential prophage elements. The position of the type B capsule locus is also noted between regions 2 and 3. This figure was drawn using BLAST ring image generator (BRIG) [<a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0130296#pone.0130296.ref039" target="_blank">39</a>].</p

Genomic features of the 12 Asian strains.

<p>¹ The high number of rRNA operons in these strains is due to contig breaks</p><p>Genomic features of the 12 Asian strains.</p