<i>RNASE3</i> haplotypes, c.371G>C genotypes and alleles distribution in malaria endemic (Ghanaian) versus non-malaria (Danish) populations.

<p><b>A</b>) Distribution of haplotypes defined by the three SNPs (rs2073342, rs2233860 and rs8019343) as from block 1 in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0029465#pone-0029465-g001" target="_blank">Figure 1A</a> in the two populations. <b>B</b>) c.371G>C genotype distribution in all Ghanaian subjects compared to Danes. <b>C</b>) c.371G>C allelic distribution in the two populations.</p

Allele frequencies and Hardy-Weinberg estimations in the CM and UM study populations.

a<p>values are statistically significant if <i>p</i><0.0125 (Bonferroni corrected significance threshold).</p

Pairwise genetic distances between 6 populations compared.

<p>F_ST distance (Latter <i>et al</i>., 1972).</p><p>*Allele frequency data for the c.371G>C polymorphism for these populations were retrieved from the International HapMap Project database (<a href="http://hapmap.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-perl/snp_details_phase3?name=rs2073342&source=hapmap28_B36&tmpl=snp_details_phase3" target="_blank">http://hapmap.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/cgi-perl/snp_details_phase3?name=rs2073342&source=hapmap28_B36&tmpl=snp_details_phase3</a>). YRI: Yoruba in Ibadan, Nigeria; CEU: (Utah residents with northern and western European ancestry from the Centre d'Etude du Polymorphisme Humain [CEPH]); CHB: Han Chinese from Beijing, China and JPT: Japanese.</p

Tajima's D index .

<p>Sliding window analysis of Tajima's D index across the Ghanaian (A) and Danish (B) <i>RNASE3</i> sequences. Bar at the top shows the sequence region analyzed (nucleotides 1–1183) and the positions of the SNP. Window sizes used were 100 bp with a 25-bp step size. Windows that gave a significant D value <i>p</i><0.10), are indicated above the relevant window midpoint by a hash (#).</p

Association of c.371G>C genotypes with coma score in the entire patient population studied.

<p>Coma score distribution among individuals with 371 (GG, GC and CC) genotypes is shown. Comparisons that yielded statistical significance are indicated with horizontal lines linking the respective groups at the top of the plots with the <i>p</i> – value stated. <i>P</i>-values were determined by Mann Whitney test and horizontal lines within plots represent the median of the distribution.</p

Single marker association with cerebral malaria and uncomplicated malaria.

<p>The frequency of the associated allele in uncomplicated malaria (UM) and CM is shown. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were determined using multivariate logistic regression controlling for age and gender. The reference groups in the multivariate logistic regression analyses were those without the respective alleles.</p

Clinical and demographic characteristics of patients with severe malaria and uncomplicated malaria.

<p>The number of patients in the various disease categories: cerebral malaria (CM), severe malaria anaemia (SA) and uncomplicated malaria (UM) is shown together with haemoglobin (Hb) levels, age stratification and parasite density distribution.</p> <p>Median values with minimum and maximum values (in parenthesis). Values that are statistically significant when compared to UM,</p><p>****<i>p</i><0.0001,</p><p>**<i>p</i> = 0.0014,</p><p>*<i>p</i> = 0.0222.</p

Patient characteristics and laboratory data at baseline.

<p>Values reported as median (minimum-maximum) and comparisons made using Wilcoxon sign rank test. Antibody levels are expressed as mean fluorescence intensity (MFI). #ICAM-1 levels were statistically significantly higher in CM than in UM (p = 0.0037).</p><p>Anti-VSA (CD36-binding) levels were statistically significantly higher in CM than in UM (p = 0.048).</p

Acute and convalescent levels of antibodies to ICAM-1 selected parasites.

<p>Symbols linked by straight line represent anti-VSA antibody levels on days 0 and 7 for individual participants.</p

Logistic regression data for association of sICAM-1 and anti-VSA antibodies with CM.

<p>UM is the reference patient category.</p