47 research outputs found

    Facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au cours du lupus systémique

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    Cette étude a pour objectif d'évaluer la fréquence des facteurs de risque cardiovasculaires au cours du lupus et de préciser leur prévalence. Etude rétrospective portant sur 250 patients ayant un lupus, diagnostiqué selon les critères de l'ACR, hospitalisés entre 1970 et 2013. Les données cliniques et para cliniques ont été recueillies à partir des observations médicales. Il s'agit de 228 femmes et 22 hommes d'âge moyen au diagnostic du lupus de 30, 32 ans (extrêmes: 16-69). La durée moyenne du suivi des patients était de 64 mois (extrêmes: 7 jours- 382mois). Quatre vingt dix patients (36%) étaient hypertendus, 74% avaient une hypercholestérolémie et 22% étaient diabétiques. Pour les autres facteurs de risque cardiovasculaire traditionnels, un âge > 50 ans a été retrouvé dans 40% des cas, le sexe masculin dans 8% des cas, l'obésité dans 76% des cas et le tabagisme dans 11% des cas. Les facteurs de risque surajoutés sont représentés par la présence des anticorps antiphospholipides (47% des cas), la néphropathie lupique (49% des cas), l'insuffisance rénale (42% des cas), la corticothérapie au long cours (74% des cas) et la chronicité de la maladie dans 35% des cas. Les complications cardiovasculaires retrouvées dans notre série étaient: les accidents vasculaires cérébraux (2%) et l'insuffisance coronarienne (5,6%). Devant l'importance du risque cardiovasculaire au cours du lupus, une surveillance rapprochée des facteurs de risque cardio-vasculaires semble primordiale chez les lupiques

    Profil clinico-biologique et histopathologique des atteintes rénales du purpura rhumatoïde au Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Tunis: The clinicopathologic characteristics of Henoch Schönlein nephritis in Tunis University Hospital

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    Context and objective. Hench Schönlein purpura (HSP) is a leukocytoclastic vasculitis with IgA deposits characterized by the association of cutaneous, articular and digestive involvements. Renal involvement worsens the pronostic of the disease. In Tunisia, kidney damage in HSP has not often been studied. The main objective of this work was to describe the epidemiological, clinical, biological and histological characteristics as well as to analyze the therapeutic modalities of renal involvement during IgA vasculitis in Tunisian population. Methods. Patients with HSP with nephritis from 1975 to 2017 were retrospectively studied. Results. 34 medical records of patients were compiled. Mean age at nephritis onset was 39 ± 17.6 years. Cutaneous purpura was present in 97 % of cases, gastrointestinal involvement in 68% of cases and joint involvement in 85 % of cases. Renal features were microscopic hematuria in 100% of cases, hypertension in 47% of cases, proteinuria in 85% of cases. Renal failure and nephrotic syndrome were encountered in 44 % and 41 % of cases, respectively. Average of proteinuria was 3.07 ± 2.83 g / 24 hours. Complete remission was achieved in 33% of patients and 43% of patients reached end stage renal disease requiring dialysis. Death was noted in 5 cases (17%). Conclusion. Renal involvement in adult HSP is marked by varied clinical features, mainly renal failure and progression to hemodialysis in almost 50% of cases. Contexte et objectifs. Le purpura rhumatoĂŻde (PR) est une atteinte systĂ©mique touchant les vaisseaux de petit calibre. L’atteinte rĂ©nale fait la gravitĂ© de la maladie assombrissant le pronostic. En Tunisie, l’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du PR est peu documentĂ©e. La prĂ©sente Ă©tude avait pour objectif de dĂ©crire les caractĂ©ristiques Ă©pidĂ©miologiques, cliniques, biologiques, histologiques et thĂ©rapeutiques de l’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du PR propres Ă  la population tunisienne. MĂ©thodes. Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude documentaire rĂ©alisĂ©e dans le plus grand centre hospitalier universitaire de NĂ©phrologie de Tunis de 1975 Ă  2017. Tous les patients avaient un PR avec une atteinte rĂ©nale. RĂ©sultats. Nous avons colligĂ© 34 patients. L’âge moyen Ă©tait de 39 ± 17,6 ans avec une prĂ©dominance masculine. Le purpura cutanĂ© Ă©tait prĂ©sent dans 97% des cas. L’atteinte gastro-intestinale et articulaire Ă©tait respectivement dans 68% des cas et dans 85% des cas. L’hĂ©maturie microscopique Ă©tait prĂ©sente chez tous nos patients, la protĂ©inurie et l’hypertension artĂ©rielle ont Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©es dans respectivement 85% et 47% des cas. Une insuffisance rĂ©nale a Ă©tĂ© retrouvĂ©e dans 44% des cas. Le syndrome nĂ©phrotique Ă©tait prĂ©sent chez 41% des patients avec une protĂ©inurie moyenne de 3.07 ± 2.83 g daily. La rĂ©mission complète a Ă©tĂ© atteinte par 33% des patients et 43% ont atteint le stade d’hĂ©modialyse. Le dĂ©cès a Ă©tĂ© rapportĂ© dans 5 cas (17%). Conclusion. L’atteinte rĂ©nale au cours du Purpura RhumatoĂŻde de l’adulte est caractĂ©risĂ©e par un tableau clinique bruyant, une insuffisance rĂ©nale frĂ©quente et une Ă©volution vers le stade d’hĂ©modialyse dans presque 50% des cas

    Caractéristiques bactériologiques des infections de liquide de dialyse péritonéale

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    La péritonite infectieuse (PI) est la principale complication de la dialyse péritonéale (DP). L'objectif de notre travail était de déterminer l'écologie bactérienne des PI et d'adapter l'antibiothérapie selon les germes isolés et les résistances observées. Étude rétrospective effectuée chez tous les enfants traités par DP et ayant présenté une PI dans le service de pédiatrie de l'hôpital Charles Nicolle de Tunis  (2004-2013). Au total, 61 ont développé 97 PI. L'incidence des PI était de 0,75 épisode/patient-année. La culture du LDP était négative dans 40 cas. Les Gram Positif ont été notés dans 56% des cas avec prédominance du Staphylococcus aureus. Les Gram négatif étaient retrouvés en seconde position (40%) représentés principalement par le Klebsiella  pneumoniae et le Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Des souches de Staphylocoque méticilline résistant étaient isolées dans 21,4%. Les bactéries à Gram positif étaient résistantes aux céphalosporines de première génération dans 25% des cas et aucune résistance à la vancomycine n'avait été décelée. Les bactéries à Gram négatif avaient une résistance globale de 38% avec des souches C-lactamase à spectre élargi (BLSE). L'antibiothérapie empirique devra couvrir les germes à Gram positif par la vancomycine et les germes à Gram négatif par la ceftazidime.Key words: Péritonite, antibiotiques, dialyse péritonéale, bactéries, enfan

    Profil étiologique des microangiopathies thrombotiques rénales au Centre Hospitalier et Universitaire de Tunis: Etiological profile of renal thrombotic microangiopathy in Tunis University Hospital

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    Context and objective. Renal thrombotic microangiopathy (TMA) is a histological lesion that can be observed in several pathological settings. The present study aimed to describe the different etiological contexts in which TMA has been observed and provide particularities. Methods. A retrospective and descriptive study over a 16-year period, from January 2000 to January 2016 was conducted at the Tunis University Hospital. All patients aged over 16 years and presenting with TMA at renal biopsy were analyzed. Results. 100 cases of renal TMA were collected. The mean age of patients at the time of renal biopsy was 38.5 ± 12.9 years. The clinical picture was dominated by hypertension observed in 70 patients. Results of the laboratory investigations were as follows: kidney injury was noted in 92 patients and biological TMA was observed in 10 patients. At the renal biopsy, arteriolar TMA was seen in all patients and glomerular TMA was seen in 15 patients. Seventy-three patients reached end stage renal disease. TMA was observed mainly in association with glomerular nephropathy outside lupus nephropathy in 47 cases, lupus nephropathy in 19 cases, malignant hypertension in 18 cases and post-renal transplantation in 9 cases. TMA was related to atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome in one case and 6 sporadic cases were observed. Conclusion. Renal TMA has been observed in several pathological situations. Comparative studies with matched control cases in each group but without TMA lesions should be performed to identify risk factors for developing TMA and the influence of TMA on renal prognosis in each etiological setting. Contexte et objectif. La microangiopathie thrombotique (MAT) rĂ©nale est une lĂ©sion histologique caractĂ©risĂ©e par la prĂ©sence de microthrombi obstruant les vaisseaux de la microcirculation rĂ©nale. Actuellement, les patients atteints de MAT rĂ©nale sont rĂ©partis en fonction du contexte Ă©tiologique. L’objectif de la prĂ©sente Ă©tude Ă©tait de dĂ©crire les diffĂ©rents contextes pathologiques au cours desquels une MAT rĂ©nale a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e. MĂ©thodes. Il s’agissait d’une Ă©tude documentaire (16 ans). L’étude a inclus tous les patients adultes ayant des lĂ©sions de MAT Ă  la ponction biopsie rĂ©nale (PBR). RĂ©sultats. Parmi 3240 PBR rĂ©alisĂ©es, la MAT a Ă©tĂ© observĂ©e chez 100 patients soit une incidence moyenne de 6,7 cas/an. L’âge moyen Ă©tait de 38,5+/-12,9 ans avec une prĂ©dominance masculine. Les lĂ©sions de MAT rĂ©nale ont Ă©tĂ© associĂ©es Ă  plusieurs contextes pathologiques : les nĂ©phropathies glomĂ©rulaires (47%), les nĂ©phropathies lupiques (19%), l’HTA maligne (18%), post transplantation rĂ©nale (9%), postgreffe de cellules souches hĂ©matopoĂŻĂ©tiques (1%), post partum (2%), un contexte nĂ©oplasique (1%), une origine mĂ©dicamenteuse (1%), un syndrome des antiphospholipides primaire (1%), et un syndrome hĂ©molytique et urĂ©mique (1%). Conclusion. La MAT rĂ©nale est frĂ©quemment secondaire et s’associe Ă  plusieurs contextes pathologiques. Cependant un SHUa/PTT sous-jacents devrait toujours ĂŞtre recherchĂ©s

    Higher Performance of QuantiFERON TB Compared to Tuberculin Skin Test in Latent Tuberculosis Infection Prospective Diagnosis

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    Background: The Tuberculin skin test (TST) has been used for years in the latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI) diagnosis, but it has, well-documented, low sensitivity and specificity. Interferon-ϒ release assays (IGRA) has been reported to be more sensitive and specific than TST. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the performance of a commercial IGRA, QuantiFERON®-TB Gold In-Tube (QFT-GIT), comparatively to TST in LTBI diagnosis. Patients and Methods: This study included 238 patients who were candidate for an anti-TNF therapy. The screening for LTBI was performed by both TST and QFT-GIT test for all patients. In order to evaluate the strength of associations, the odds ratios (OR) together with 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. The correlation between QFT-GIT and TST was evaluated using κ statistics. Results: Sixty-three (26.4%) sera were positive for QFT-GIT with a mean level of IFN-ϒ of about 1.18 IU/ml, while 81 (34%) patients were positive for TST. Agreement between QFT-GIT and TST was poor (37 QFT-GIT+/TST- and 55 QFT-GIT-/TST+), κ=0.09 (SD=0.065). The positivity of QFT-GIT was not influenced by BCG vaccination or by immunosuppression. Nevertheless, it was significantly associated to both history of an earlier tuberculosis disease (HETD) and its radiological sequel (RS), p=6E-7 and p=1E-8, respectively. Inversely, the TST results were not correlated to either HETD or RS, but the TST positivity was less frequent in immunosuppressed patients (45.5% vs. 73.9%), p=1E-5, OR (95% CI) = 0.29 [0.17-0.52]. Moreover, the extent of both the immunosuppression period and the time elapsed from the last BCG injection was significantly correlated to a lesser TST positivity, p=3E-12 and p=5E-7, respectively. Among the QFT-GIT-/TST+ patients (n=55) whom received an anti-TNF agent without any prophylactic treatment of LTBI, no tuberculosis was detected with a median follow-up of 78 weeks [56-109]. Conclusion: Our study suggests that the QFT-GIT has a higher performance comparatively to TST in the LTBI screening that is unaffected by either BCG vaccination or immunosuppression. Therefore, IGRAs has to replace TST especially in patients who are under consideration for an anti-TNF therapy

    ENDOCARDITIS IN SYSTEMIC LUPUS ERYTHEMATOSUS

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    Endocarditis is one of the most prevalent forms of cardiac involvement in patients with lupus, as it is considered as one a life-threatening complication. Libman-Sacks endocarditis is common. Infective endocarditis can also cause complications within immunocompromised patients. The aim of this study is to determine particularities of endocarditis in patients with lupus and to look for distinguishing features between infectious or immunological origin. A retrospective study was conducted on patients with lupus presenting endocarditis. Lupus was diagnosed according to the American college of rheumatology criteria. The diagnosis of endocarditis was made based on the modified Duke criteria. The present case report studies seven cases of endocarditis. Six of these patients are women and the other one is a man. They are aged meanly of 29.4 years (extremes: 20-36). Fever was present in all the cases with a new cardiac murmur in six cases and a modification of its intensity in one case. Biologic inflammatory syndrome was present in six cases. Cardiac ultrasound performed in six cases made the diagnosis of endocarditis which involved the left heart valves in five cases and the right heart valves in one case. Valvular insufficiency was identified in six patients. The valve involvement was mitral in two cases, mitro-aortic in two others, aortic in the fifth one and tricuspid in the sixth one. Endocarditis was infectious in 4 cases, thanks to positive blood culture. The germs identified were gram negative bacilli in two cases, anaerobic organism in one case and gram positive cocci in one case. Candida albicans was isolated in one case. Libman-Sacks endocarditis was objectified in three cases. A combination of Libman-Sacks endocarditis with infectious endocarditis was diagnosed in one case. The treatment consisted of antibiotics in four cases with surgery in two cases. The outcome was favorable in five cases and fatal in the two others. Endocarditis in lupus can be infectious or Libman-Sacks endocarditis. These two conditions share several clinical features. The only distinctive argument remains positive blood culture. The treatment should be initiated as early as possible to limit the valve damage and improve the outcome

    EVALUATION OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN HEMODIALYSIS PATIENTS

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    Malnutrition is a common problem among hemodialysis patients. This factor leads to increased morbidity and mortality. This study evaluates the nutritional status of patients on dialysis and analyses the various parameters used for assessing malnutrition. It is a cross-sectional study of 35 patients aged 18 years and up who have undergone dialysis three days a week for more than a year. The following were analysed: overall subjective assessment technique, Body Mass Index, anthropometric data and biological parameters (serum albumin, serum cholesterol, rate of alkaline reserves and C-reactive protein levels) with a dietary three-day survey. Analysis of food survey data was performed using the software Bilnut. The patients’ average age was 46.7 years with a sex ratio of 1.18. Average waist size was 92.7±16.68 cm. Average arm circumference was 27.2±5.6 cm and average calf circumference was 32.03±5.87 cm. Malnutrition was found in 48% of cases according to SGA. Average BMI was 24.4 kg/m2. It was less than 23 Kg/m2 in 48% of cases. Average serum albumin concentration was 33.6 g/l and average CRP level was 6.16 mg/l. The average energy intake (Kcal/Kg/day) was 30.87±11.92 the day of dialysis, 27.98±9.31 on a resting day and 29.93±9.42 on another day and the average protein intake (g/kg/day) was 1.02±0.44 the day of dialysis, 0.94±0.36 a resting day and 1.04±0.36 on the other day. Malnutrition was frequent among our patients. The assessment of nutritional status in patients on dialysis requires simultaneous combination of several clinical, biologic and dietetic markers. Dietary management is mainly based on food survey regularly established
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