Wellingtons Operationen von Vitoria bis Toulouse 1813-1814 : Vortrag gehalten in der Militarischen Gesellschaft zu Berlin am 15. März 1911 / von Schwertfeger

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Situated verbal interaction in virtual design and assembly

The video demonstrates research accomplishments in interactive design and assembly with 3D computer graphics environments. Agent techniques and dynamic knowledge representation techniques are used to process qualitative verbal instructions to quantitative scene changes. A key idea is to exploit situated 'perceptive ' information by inspecting the computer graphics scene models. Computer-based presentations of synthetic geometry data, transformed to visual surface structures by way of rendering techniques, are of growing importance in the design and construction areas. To make better profit of this new technology, new ways of human-computer interaction are called for. Previous work has concentrated on gesturing and pointing, for instance, by using the data glove. An alternative way we explore at the AI & Computer Graphics Lab is to use verbal interaction to communicate alterations. These are put in effect by a mediating system which changes the arrangement or assemblage of scene objects. Our general goal is to use AI to establish a communication link between humans and multimedia. This is, however, possible only when the image of a design or an assembly is not a meaningless visual presentation, but is coupled to an internal semantic representation of the presented images. As the user gets immersed in the visual scene, verbal statements likely make reference to what can be seen in the current situation. Thus the semantic processing of verbal instructions needs to draw on what is true in a situation. We do not try to give a full propositional account of the scene, which might also be affected by direct mouse or glove manipulation, because of the known problems of "keeping track " (the frame problem). Rather, we exploit the current situation by inspecting the internal scene description (geometry models, materials, etc.). Since the user perceives the scene by eye inspection, system and user can communicate about scene details from the same "point of view. " We call this situated verbal interaction

Prehabilitation prior to major cancer surgery: Training for surgery to optimize physiologic reserve to reduce postoperative complications

Purpose of Review The aging, sedentary global population and associated increasing incidence of cancer calls for increasingly complex surgery. These patients are at particular risk of postoperative complications. This review will explore the redesign of the perioperative care pathway, with emphasis on preoperative risk stratification to identify modifiable risk, to implement risk mitigation strategies (e.g., prehabilitation), and to partner with patients to enhance recovery after surgery. Recent Findings In the last decade, there has been a growing body of literature surrounding prehabilitation. A number of these studies report a staggering halving of postoperative complications. This body of literature requires perioperative medicine clinicians to appraise and build on the robustness of the data and to consider pragmatic strategies toward implementation of what appears to be a cost-effective intervention. Summary A redesign of perioperative care pathways with early risk stratification and implementing risk mitigation strategies is essential to delivering on the value proposition of healthcare. Challenges include a redesign of funding models to deliver such services, engaging patients with relatively remote access to such services, and the cultural trends of sedentary lifestyles and perceived urgency to have immediate surgery at all costs