Valorización integral de biomasa agroalimentaria mediante fluidos presurizados: Estudio de caso: bagazo de cerveza

Trabajo presentado en: 36 Jonadas Nacionales de Ingeniería Química. 2019, 3-6 de septiembre, ZaragozaJunta de Castilla y León JCyL(BU301P18) e Hiperbaric S.A. (BiolignoA13V06)yCampofrío(10/16/BU/0005

Microencapsulation of supercritical CO2 extracted rice bran oil in pea proteins

Póster presentado en: 1er Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos/1º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos. 2020, 18-19 de febrero, Santiago de CompostelaRice bran oil is a source of bioactive molecules such as sterols, tocols, -oryzanols and unsaturated fatty acids [1,2]. In this work, the encapsulation of rice bran oil extracted using supercritical CO2 under the conditions optimized by Benito-Román et al. [3] has been studied. Microencapsulation processes are sequential and involve the emulsion formation and then, the emulsion drying. In a first stage, the emulsification process by high pressure homogenization was studied and optimized. High pressure homogenization, also known as microfluidization, is a high energy emulsification method affected by several parameters: pressure and number of homogenization cycles (together determine the energy input), the carrier material, the carrier to core ratio, and the solids content in the emulsion. Microfluization also exhibits an important advantage: the industrial application due to flexibility to control the emulsion droplet size (EDS) and the ability to produce emulsions from a variety of materials [4]. Among the different encapsulation materials, vegetable proteins are trendy, due to their properties and the possibility to be used in pharma, cosmetics and food industries [5]. More specifically, pea proteins present the most interesting properties such as emulsifying easiness, high nutritional value and non-allergenic characteristics [6]. For these reasons, and the wall forming properties pea proteins have, key in microencapsulation processes, they were used in this work. The effect of working pressure (60-150 MPa), composition of the carrier (mixtures of pea protein isolate (PPI) and maltodextrin (MD), (from 50 to 90% of PPI) and carrier to oil ratio (COR) (from 2 to 4) on the emulsion droplet size (EDS) was studied, using the response surface methodology. The number of passes through the homogenization chamber was previously determined and set in 7. The experimental work, revealed that in order to minimize the EDS, moderate pressures (114 MPa), a carrier composed mainly by PPI (64%) and carrier to oil ratios around 3.2 are required. Important interactions between the experimental factors were also observed. In the second stage, the emulsion obtained in the optimal conditions (EDS=189±3nm) was dried using different technologies: spray-drying (Buchi B-290 mini Spray-dryer, inlet temperature 155 ºC, outlet temperature 92-96 ºC and emulsion flow rate of 3 g/min); PGSS-drying (apparatus extensively described by Melgosa et al. [7], being the main working conditionsgas to product ratio (GPR) equal to 30 g/g temperature and pressure in the static mixer of 105 ºC and 10 MPa, respectively) and freeze drying (Labconco Freeze Dry System, 0.15 mbar for, at least, 48 h). All of them were suitable to get dry powders, spray drying provided high encapsulation efficiencies (around 73%) and monomodal powders (around 18 μm), whereas PGSS drying provided lower encapsulation efficiencies (around 52%) but perfect spheres with lower particle size (around 11 μm). Freeze drying yielded powders with almost complete encapsulation efficiencies, and higher stability when stored at 4 ºC, since spray-dried and PGSS-dried powders increased the amount of free oil after two weeks of storage.JCyL and ERDF for financial support of project BU301P18. CampofríoFood Group -SIGMA through project ref. 10/16/BU/0017, funded by ERDF of the EU and JCyL, through IC

Supercritical CO2 processing of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids – Towards a biorefinery for fish waste valorization

Driven by growing prevalence of chronic diseases and consumer’s health awareness, food supplements and nutraceuticals based on omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) are extensively marketed nowadays. However, commercial omega-3 concentrates still present quality issues related to their purity, bioavailability, and easily-oxidizable nature, compelling the industry to seek for more efficient extraction, concentration and formulation methods. Technologies based on the use of supercritical CO2 (scCO2) are a promising alternative, replacing conventional organic solvents and providing milder conditions and an inert atmosphere, which reduce the risk of oxidation. The present review analyzes the latest advances on the use of scCO2 for processing omega-3 PUFAs, focusing on its application in biorefinery strategies for the valorization of fish by-products. Still, further research on process fundamentals is necessary in order to increase the omega-3 yield and purity while reducing the use of energy and auxiliary materials, especially in the transesterification and concentration steps.panish Agencia Estatal de Investigación [grant number PID2019-539 104950RB-I00 / AEI / 10.13039/501100011033] and the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU301P18 and BU050P20]

Microencapsulation of rice bran oil using pea protein and maltodextrin mixtures as wall material

In this work, the encapsulation of rice bran oil extracted using supercritical CO2 has been studied. In the first stage, the emulsification process by high pressure homogenization was studied and optimized. The effect of the working pressure (60–150 MPa), the composition of the carrier (mixtures of pea protein isolate (PPI) and maltodextrin (MD), from 50 to 90% of PPI) and the carrier to oil ratio (2–4) on the emulsion droplet size (EDS) was studied. To minimize the EDS, moderate pressures (114 MPa), a carrier composed mainly by PPI (64%) and carrier to oil ratios around 3.2 were required. The emulsion obtained in the optimal conditions (EDS ¼ 189 3nm) was dried using different technologies (spray-drying, PGSS-drying and freeze drying). The supercritical CO2 based drying process (PGSS) provided spherical particles that resulted in the smallest average size (but broader distribution) and lower encapsulation efficiency (53 2%).Junta de Castilla y Leon and ERDF Project BU301P18)

Concentration by pervaporation of representative brown crab volatile compounds from dilute model solutions

In this work, the pervaporation technique is investigated in the separation of dilute solutions of volatile compounds from brown crab effluent in order to obtain a valuable food flavoring fraction. A systematic study of the pervaporation process has been carried out on dilute model solutions of some of the compounds identified in the brown crab effluent as typical volatile compounds. The membrane used in this work was a hydrophobic membrane with a selective layer of POMS (polyoctylmethyl siloxane). The effect of some operating variables, such as feed flow rate, feed concentration, feed temperature and permeate pressure was analyzed on the pervaporation performance of the membrane.MICINN through CTQ2008-04999- PP

Oferta tecnológica GIR-UBU BIOIND

Trabajo presentado en: 9ª Reunión de Expertos en Tecnologías de Fluidos Supercríticos (Flucomp), 13 a 15 de junio de 2018, Madrid. Jornada Academia-Empresa (one‐to‐one

Structural changes of a protein extract from apple with polyphenoloxidase activity obtained by cationic reversed micellar extraction induced by high-pressure carbon dioxide and thermosonication

Polyphenoloxidase from apple was extracted and further concentrated by cationic reversed micellar extraction. Previous to reversed micellar extraction a crude protein extract was obtained using AG2-X8 as adsorbent of phenolic compounds and the detergent Triton X-100. Forward and backward extraction conditions were optimized by using dodecyl trimethyl ammonium bromide as surfactant in the organic phase. Optimization was carried out to obtain the highest value of PPO activity recovery and the purification fold at the different experimental conditions. Under the optimum extraction conditions, PPO activity recovery was 99% and purification fold reached a value of 17, showing that reversed micellar extraction was a good technique as a first step to concentrate on a targeted enzyme. After removing some impurities by centrifuge ultrafiltration, the protein extract with PPO activity was treated by pressurized carbon dioxide and thermosonication achieving residual PPO activity values of 16 ± 3 and 9 ± 1%, respectively. Quenching experiments by iodide performed in the non-treated extract and in the treated extracts revealed conformational changes of this protein fraction reflected in the greater exposure of the fluorophore to the quencher.Spanish Government (MINECO) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) for financial support of project CTQ2015-64396-R and AEI’s contract, and to Junta de Castilla y León and ERDF for financial support of project BU301P18

Subcritical water extraction of quercetin and derivatives from onion skin wastes (Allium cepa cv. Horcal): effect of temperature and solvent properties

Trabajo presentado en: EIFS2022, the 2nd Iberian Meeting on Supercritical Fluids (2º Encontro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos / 2º Encuentro Ibérico de Fluidos Supercríticos), to be held on 28.February - 2.March 2022 in Coimbra, Portugal.Nowadays, the society is immersed in the transition from a linear to a circular economy, in which the value of products, materials and resources is maintained in the economy for as long as possible and the generation of waste is minimized. This means that the byproduct of a process becomes the input of a new one where it acquires new value. Among other agricultural by-products, onion (Allium cepa L.) skin wastes offer great potential for valorization. Onion is the second most important horticultural crop worldwide. More specifically, Spain, in the year 2018 produced 1.27 Mt [1]. The onion industry generates every year more than 0.5 Mt of Onion Skin Wastes (OSW) worldwide [2], including skins (the outermost layers), roots and bulbs unfit for consumption. The non-edible brown skin and external layers of onions are rich in phenolic compounds, mainly flavonoids such as quercetin (QC) [3] and its derivatives: quercetin 4’-O-β- glycoside (QC4’), quercetin 3,4’-O-β-diglycoside (QC3,4’) and quercetin 3-O-β- glycoside (QC3). All of them are high-added value natural antioxidants [2]. The main drawback of quercetin and quercetin derivatives is the limited solubility in water, which limits their oral bioavailability [4] and extractability, and forces the use of an organic solvent to successfully extract them. Alternatively, Subcritical Water (SubW) can be used to extract flavonoids from onion skins. SubW refers to water at temperatures ranging from 100 °C (boiling point) to 374 °C (critical point) which remains in a liquid state due to the application of pressure. Changes in the working conditions change the properties of the SubW (among them, viscosity, surface tension and dielectric constant, which can be similar to those of some organic solvents), enhancing mass transfer and the extractability of barely water-soluble bioactive compounds, as summarized by Benito-Roman et al. [5], as SubW favors the hydrolysis of the bonds between phenolic compounds and the vegetable matrix. In this work the extraction, identification and quantification of phenolic compounds from OSW has been studied using SubW in a semicontinuous extractor (flow rate constant and equal to 2.5 mL/min; temperatures up to 180 °C with working pressure of 5 MPa, to keep water in liquid state). The extraction of flavonoids resulted to be fast (<30 min) and temperature sensitive (maximum at 145 °C; total flavonoids, 27.4±0.9 mg/g OSW). Further increases of temperature decreased the number of flavonoids recovered. The experimental results were fitted to the Weibull model. The influence of the solvent properties on the flavonoids quantification was found to be critical. A precipitate was formed once the extracts cooled down. If removed, a significant fraction of the high temperature extracted flavonoids (as much as 71%, at 180 °C) was lost. This fact affected especially to those compounds that show extremely low solubility in water at room temperature, whereas quercetin glycosylated derivatives were less affected by the polarity change of the medium induced by the temperature change. It has been demonstrated that it is necessary to re-dissolve the subcritical water extracts by the addition of ethanol, which led to a medium with a polarity equivalent to that obtained with water at high temperature. At 145 °C, quercetin (15.4±0.4 mg/g OSW) and quercetin-4’-glucoside (8.4±0.1 mg/g OSW) accounted for the 90% of the total flavonoids identified by HPLC, according to the method described by Benito-Román et al. [6]. All in all, the obtained extracts resulted to be rich in flavonoids, which makes them suitable to be used as food additives in order to replace other synthetic antioxidant compounds.This work was supported by AEI [PID2019-104950RB-I00 and PID2020-116716RJ-I00] and JCyL and ERDF [BU050P20] [BU301P18

Extraction of Marine Collagen Derivatives from Hoplostethus mediterraneus Cuvier, 1829 Using a Pressurized Water - CO2 System

Trabajo presentado en: 19th European meeting on Supercritical Fluids (EMSF 2023), organized by the International Society for the Advancement of Supercritical Fluids, Budapest, 21-24 may, 2023The study indicated a new approach for producing nutritional and functional biomaterial from a relatively unutilized marine source while contributing to environmentally responsible and sustainable practices of efficient resource use.This work was supported by TUBITAK 2219 (Post-doc international scholarships programme) and the Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Spain) [grant numbers PID2019–104950RB-I00, TED2021-129311B-I00 and PDC2022-133443-I00] and the Junta de Castilla y León (JCyL) and the European Regional Development Fund (ERDF) [grant number BU050P20]. RM is supported by a Beatriz Galindo Research Fellowship [BG20/00182]

High-pressure phase equilibria of the pseudo-ternary system carbon dioxide + ethanol + fish oil

Ponencia presentada en: 16th European Meeting on Supercritical Fluids, 25 a 28 de abril de 2017, LisboaThis work provides experimental phase equilibrium data of the pseudo-ternary system CO2 + ethanol + fish oil, a system of interest in pharmaceutical and food-industry applications such as the enzymatic production of fatty acid ethyl esters at mild, non-oxidative conditions. Measurements were carried out in a high-pressure variable-volume view cell in the temperature range 323.15-343.15 K and at pressures from 10 to 30 MPa. The Peng-Robinson equation of state was used to satisfactorily correlate experimental data.European Regional Development Fund (ERDF), Spanish Government (MINECO) and Junta de Castilla y León for financial support (projects CTQ2012-39131-C02-01 and BU055U16). RM acknowledges MINECO (BES-2013-063937