НАУЧНО-ТЕХНИЧЕСКОЕ СОТРУДНИЧЕСТВО В РАМКАХ ЕАЭС КАК ВАЖНЕЙШИЙ ФАКТОР ЛОЯЛЬНОСТИ НАСЕЛЕНИЯ СТРАН-УЧАСТНИЦ К ИНТЕГРАЦИОННОМУ ОБЪЕДИНЕНИЮ И ЕГО ПРИТЯГАТЕЛЬНОСТИ ДЛЯ НОВЫХ ЧЛЕНОВ

In the future, the Eurasian Economic Union can become one of the most important actors of the global economy, a regional and even a global leader, if the Union ensures positive economic and social effects for every participating country. The main challenge of the economic development of the EAEU is the development and diversification of national industries: three of the EAEU countries out of five almost completely depend on the export of resources (Russia and Kazakhstan — energy resources, Kyrgyzstan — precious metals). The other challenges for all participating countries are as follows: low competitiveness of production; inadequate development of the transport infrastructure for the current needs of integration; the lack of trade and investment cooperation between different countries; the lack of budget for the program of projects’ co-financing. The international experience proves that the higher the level of national economic development, the greater the share of high-tech industries in its economy, the more diversified its exports, and the greater opportunities the country has to maintain stable cooperation ties and division of labor with countries at different levels of industrial development. The successful realization of cooperation within the EAEU largely depends on the support of the population of participating countries. Despite the fact that according to sociological surveys the attitude of the population to the Eurasian Economic Union is rather positive there is a negative trend. The authors suggest the ways for the innovative modernization of the economies, which in turn will stimulate scientific-technological cooperation, enhance the level and quality of life, and contribute to the positive public perception of the integration, stability and viability of the EAEU and development of the Eurasian values’ system. © I.V. Andronova, I.N. Belova, M.V. Ganeeva, Yu.N. Moseykin, 2017.Евразийский экономический союз потенциально может стать одним из значимых субъектов мировой экономики, региональным и даже глобальным лидером, в случае если объединение обеспечит положительный экономический и социальный эффект, который должна получать каждая страна-участница. В то же время важнейшей проблемой экономического развития стран ЕАЭС стала проблема развития и диверсификации национальной промышленности. Три страны ЕАЭС из пяти практически полностью зависят от экспорта ресурсов (Россия и Казахстан - энергетические ресурсы, Кыргызстан - драгоценные металлы). Проблемами для всех стран остаются: низкая конкурентоспособность продукции большинства производителей, несоответствие развития транспортной инфраструктуры современным потребностям интеграционного объединения, практически отсутствие торгового и инвестиционного сотрудничества между отдельными парами стран, отсутствие бюджета программного финансирования совместных проектов и др. При этом мировая практика показывает, что чем выше уровень экономического развития страны, чем больше доля в ее промышленности высокотехнологичных производств, тем более диверсифицирован ее экспорт и тем больше у нее возможностей поддерживать устойчивые кооперационные связи и разделение труда со странами, находящимися на различных уровнях промышленного развития. Успешная реализация возможностей совместного сотрудничества и кооперации, как показывает международный опыт, во многом зависит от поддержки населения стран - членов интеграционного объединения. Несмотря на то, что в настоящее время, согласно социологическим опросам, отношение населения стран - членов ЕАЭС к Евразийскому экономическому союзу пока в целом можно оценить как позитивное, динамика изменения отношения показывает негативный тренд. В статье предлагаются пути создания условий для инновационной модернизации экономик стран, которая в свою очередь будет стимулировать научно-техническое и технологическое сотрудничество, способствовать повышению уровня и качества жизни населения, благоприятному отношению населения к интеграционному объединению, способствовать сохранению устойчивости и жизнеспособности ЕАЭС, формированию системы евразийских ценностей

Армения в рамках Евразийского экономического союза

The Treaty on the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU), signed on May 29, 2014, entered into force on January 1, 2015. The purpose of the Union is to provide conditions for the stable economic development of member states by improving the living standards of the population, comprehensive modernization, cooperation and increasing the competitiveness of national economies. Armenia became part of the EAEU 2015 on January 2. At the same time, the most important problems for all countries remain: the problem of diversification of national industry; low competitiveness of the products of most manufacturers, a low share of high-tech products in exports, virtually no trade and investment cooperation between individual pairs of countries, the degree of public confidence in the integration group. The article discusses issues related to the economic development of Armenia within the EAEU, mutual trade with the EAEU member countries, the attitude of the population to the EAEU; the positive and negative aspects of Armenia's participation in the EAEU, as well as possible ways to strengthen integration within the EAEU are revealed.Договор о Евразийском экономическом союзе (ЕАЭС), подписанный 29 мая 2014 г., вступил в силу 1 января 2015 г. Цель союза - обеспечение условий для стабильного экономического развития государств-членов посредством роста жизненного уровня населения, всесторонней модернизации, кооперации и повышения конкурентоспособности национальных экономик. Армения стала частью ЕАЭС 2 января 2015 г. В то же время важнейшими проблемами для всех стран остаются диверсификация национальной промышленности, низкие конкурентоспособность продукции большинства производителей и доля высокотехнологичной продукции в экспорте, практическое отсутствие торгового и инвестиционного сотрудничества между отдельными парами стран, степень доверия населения к интеграционной группировке. В статье рассматриваются вопросы, связанные с экономическим развитием Армении в рамках ЕАЭС, взаимной торговлей со странами - членами ЕАЭС, отношением населения к ЕАЭС; выявляются положительные и негативные стороны участия Армении в ЕАЭС, а также возможные пути усиления интеграции в рамках ЕАЭС

Russian Market of Vegetables and Fruits: Current State, Dependence on Imports, Development Prospects in the Terms of Modern Globalization

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian market of vegetables and fruitsas the most important segment of the food market, its dependence on imports, and the prospects for development in the context of modern globalization. The processes of globalization have an ambiguous impact on the world market of fruit and vegetable products, in particular on the formation of factors and trends in its development in modern conditions. As part of the globalization of international trade in food, including vegetables and fruits, there is an increasingly close interaction between the elements of the world food system and the strengthening of their mutual influence. All these aspects affect Russia’s interests in this market. The authors analyze: the dynamics of imports of vegetables and fruits both in value and in physical volume; the geographical structure of imports and the quality of the goods supplied by the main exporters; the influence of internal and external factors that affect domestic market of fruits and vegetables, their impact on the share of these products in the food basket of Russian citizens; the increasing importance of food security of the country in the terms of sanctions policy; the necessity and challenges of import substitution

Историческая эволюция и базовый опыт модели экономического развития «двойной циркуляции»

The article discusses the development characteristics of China's domestic and foreign economic cycles at different stages of development. China has gone through the industrialization stage of internal economic cycle in the early days of the founding of the People's Republic of China. After the establishment of diplomatic relations between China and the United States, China has experienced a stage of development in which the internal circulation is dominated and the external circulation is extremely limited. China has gone through a period of benign interaction between urban and rural areas in the early days of reform and opening up. China has gone through a development stage in which economic external circulation is the main and internal circulation is supplemented after joining the WTO.В статье рассматриваются особенности развития внутри- и внешнеэкономических циклов Китая на разных этапах развития. Китай прошел стадию индустриализации внутреннего экономического цикла в первые дни основания Китайской Народной Республики. После установления дипломатических отношений между Китаем и США Китай пережил этап развития, при котором преобладает внутреннее обращение, а внешнее обращение крайне ограничено. Китай пережил период доброжелательного взаимодействия между городскими и сельскими районами в первые дни реформ и открытости. Китай прошел этап развития, в котором внешнее экономическое обращение является основным, а внутреннее обращение дополняется после вступления в ВТО

Особенности обеспечения продовольственной безопасности КНР на современном этапе

The historically established colossal disproportion between the population of the country and the fertile lands has determined the direction of China’s state policy in this area for many years. Substantial financial support from the state for agrarians and the growing chemicalization of agriculture helped to overcome malnutrition and hunger by the end of the first decade of the 21st century. At the same time, achieving a high level of self-sufficiency in food of its own production is only one of the steps on the way of the PRC to ensuring national food security. In recent years, it has been characteristic of adjusting the vector of efforts from the formal availability of food to increasing its economic accessibility for wide sections of the population. The downside to the intensification of the Chinese agro-industrial complex was the aggravation of environmental problems and, as a result, the reduction of acreage due to soil degradation. This factor allows us to predict an increase in the country's dependence on food imports in the long term. Thus, China’s orientation towards the maximum possible self-sufficiency in food presents new challenges for the state, the answers to which are yet to be found.Исторически сложившаяся колоссальная диспропорция между численностью населения страны и располагаемыми ею плодородными угодьями определила направление государственной политики Китая в данной области на долгие годы. Существенная финансовая поддержка аграриев со стороны государства и всевозрастающая химизация сельского хозяйства помогли к концу первого десятилетия XXI в. преодолеть недоедание и голод. При этом достижение высокого уровня самообеспечения продовольствием собственного производства представляет собой лишь одну из ступеней на пути КНР к обеспечению национальной продовольственной безопасности. Для последних лет характерна корректировка вектора приложения усилий с формального наличия продовольствия на повышение его экономической доступности для широких слоев населения. Обратной стороной интенсификации китайского АПК стало усугубление экологических проблем и, как следствие, сокращение посевных площадей ввиду деградации почв. Данный фактор позволяет прогнозировать увеличение зависимости страны от импорта продовольствия в долгосрочной перспективе. Таким образом, ориентация Китая на максимально возможное самообеспечение продовольствием ставит перед государством новые вызовы, ответы на которые еще предстоит найти

Russian Market of Vegetables and Fruits: Current State, Dependence on Imports, Development Prospects in the Terms of Modern Globalization

The article analyzes the current state of the Russian market of vegetables and fruitsas the most important segment of the food market, its dependence on imports, and the prospects for development in the context of modern globalization. The processes of globalization have an ambiguous impact on the world market of fruit and vegetable products, in particular on the formation of factors and trends in its development in modern conditions. As part of the globalization of international trade in food, including vegetables and fruits, there is an increasingly close interaction between the elements of the world food system and the strengthening of their mutual influence. All these aspects affect Russia’s interests in this market. The authors analyze: the dynamics of imports of vegetables and fruits both in value and in physical volume; the geographical structure of imports and the quality of the goods supplied by the main exporters; the influence of internal and external factors that affect domestic market of fruits and vegetables, their impact on the share of these products in the food basket of Russian citizens; the increasing importance of food security of the country in the terms of sanctions policy; the necessity and challenges of import substitution. © 2021, Springer Nature Switzerland AG

Digital technology in the fishing sector: international and Russian experience

Currently, the attention of the world community is directed not only to the global problems of the economy, but also to social and humanitarian issues, the main of which are the problems of: sustainable development, food security, combating hunger, preserving natural resources, etc. World fishing sector plays an important role in addressing these current global issues. Issues, related to the use of digital technologies in this field of activity, were reflected in this article. In particular, the examples, being the most relevant in terms of increasing the profitability and sustainability of the sector, examples of the application of digital technologies in international fishing and fish farming are considered. These issues directly affect the interests of Russia, connected with the development of the domestic fishing industry, with its qualitative improvement. Digital economy, on the one hand, becomes an important factor contributing to the solution of this problem, but on the other hand, the introduction of its technology is facing serious challenges, which is also reflected in the article

Scientific technical cooperation within the EAEU as a key factor of the loyalty of the participating countries’ population to the integration and of its attractiveness for new members

In the future, the Eurasian Economic Union can become one of the most important actors of the global economy, a regional and even a global leader, if the Union ensures positive economic and social effects for every participating country. The main challenge of the economic development of the EAEU is the development and diversification of national industries: three of the EAEU countries out of five almost completely depend on the export of resources (Russia and Kazakhstan — energy resources, Kyrgyzstan — precious metals). The other challenges for all participating countries are as follows: low competitiveness of production; inadequate development of the transport infrastructure for the current needs of integration; the lack of trade and investment cooperation between different countries; the lack of budget for the program of projects’ co-financing. The international experience proves that the higher the level of national economic development, the greater the share of high-tech industries in its economy, the more diversified its exports, and the greater opportunities the country has to maintain stable cooperation ties and division of labor with countries at different levels of industrial development. The successful realization of cooperation within the EAEU largely depends on the support of the population of participating countries. Despite the fact that according to sociological surveys the attitude of the population to the Eurasian Economic Union is rather positive there is a negative trend. The authors suggest the ways for the innovative modernization of the economies, which in turn will stimulate scientific-technological cooperation, enhance the level and quality of life, and contribute to the positive public perception of the integration, stability and viability of the EAEU and development of the Eurasian values’ system. © I.V. Andronova, I.N. Belova, M.V. Ganeeva, Yu.N. Moseykin, 2017

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on Medical Devices Market and Medical Services Market of the Eurasian Economic Union Member States (EAEU)

The spread of coronavirus infection has become a trigger mechanism for global economic shocks for almost all industries, especially for the medical sector. The health care system, pharmaceutical industry enterprises, the market of medical services, and manufacturers of medical devices are known to have experienced the greatest burden. Despite all the contradictions, such as control and restrictive measures, disagreements on models of combating coronavirus, restrictions related to the border closure, transport links, etc., the EAEU countries (Armenia, Belarus, Kazakhstan, Kyrgyzstan, and Russia) have shown an example of timely response and counteraction to the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. At the same time, Russia acted as a guarantor and basis for the economic well-being of the entire Eurasian economic entity. Based on all abovementioned, there is a necessity to consider detailed current changes in the markets of medical devices and medical services in the Eurasian Economic Union countries and, in particular, in the Russian Federation, what is considered to be the object of the research. The latest data on the market of medical devices and services, legislative acts, theoretical and methodological developments in the field of evolutionary and institutional economics were used in the research. © 2022, The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG