Drought stress recovery of hydraulic and photochemical processes in Neotropical tree saplings

International audienc

A barcode database to identify the vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

National audienc

A web-interface database for the identification of vectors of Xylella fastidiosa in Europe

International audienceIdentification of adult vectors of Xylella fastidiosa (Xf) based on morphological characters can be difficult for non-specialists. The identification of eggs or larvae is even more difficult and sometimes impossible. To circumvent these difficulties and enable large survey of populations of insect vectors in Europe we have developed a web-interface database of COI barcodes.COI barcodes were generated with a high-throughput approach involving two PCR steps to target COI and index samples followed by Illumina sequencing. Multiple quality controls were implemented including i) non-destructive DNA extraction that allows vouchering and morphological re-examination by taxonomists; ii) bioinformatic controls to discards possible contaminants, PCR or sequencing errors, NUMTs and heteroplasms.All barcodes have been uploaded in a web-interface database (Arthemis DB@se: http://arthemisdb.supagro.inra.fr/DefaultInfo.aspx?Page=Home). Metadata associated with all records are available online, as well as biological data on vectors and pictures. Users can identify a query sequence through BLAST comparison against our reference library.Currently, the database hosts 636 barcodes for 72 species of potential vectors of Xf: 490 sequences representing 43 European species and 145 sequences representing 29 non-European species. All frequent species have been barcoded. Missing species are rare or localized and do not represent an important threat for European agriculture.COI allows reliable identification for 80% of the species, but we observed issues for the remaining 20%. The most important issue concerns Philaenus spumarius and its close relative P. tesselatus. These two species are hardly distinguishable even with male genitalia and share the same COI sequence. It was also difficult to cross validate morphological and molecular results for some species within the genera Neophilaenus and Aphrophora

Le système d’information sur les sols de France : capitaliser, analyser, diffuser, aller vers l’open data

International audienceThe Scientific Interest Group on soil (GIS Sol) was created in 2001 with the mission of designing and coordinating the inventory and monitoring of soils in France. This mission requires capitalizing existing or newly produced data in databases, analyzing them, producing new knowledge and bringing data and knowledge to the attention of users. This article briefly describes the databases and their associated tools for the main data acquisition programmes of the GIS Sol. Then the work of analyzing these data to produce statistics and predictions on soil properties is presented. Finally, the tools and developments for consultation and dissemination of soil data are described. This panorama of tools currently available or under development shows the importance of the efforts made by GIS Sol since 2001.El Grupo de Interés Científico del Suelo (GIS Sol) fue creado en 2001 con la misión de diseñar y coordinar el inventario y seguimiento de suelos en Francia. Esta misión requiere capitalizar datos existentes o recién producidos en bases de datos, analizarlos para producir nuevos conocimientos y devolver datos y conocimientos a los usuarios. Este artículo describebrevemente las bases de datos y sus herramientas asociadas para los principales programas de adquisición de datos del GIS Sol, luego el trabajo de análisis de estos datos para producir estadísticas y predicciones sobre las propiedades del suelo y finalmente las herramientas y desarrollos para la consulta y difusión de datos del suelo. Este panorama de herramientasactualmente disponibles o en desarrollo muestra la importancia del esfuerzo realizado por GIS Sol desde 2001.Le Groupement d’intérêt scientifique sur les sols (GIS Sol) a été créé en 2001 avec la mission de concevoir et de coordonner l’inventaire et la surveillance des sols en France. Cette mission nécessite de capitaliser les données existantes ou nouvellement produites dans des bases de données, de les analyser, de produire de nouvelles connaissances et de restituer données et connaissances aux utilisateurs. Cet article décrit succinctement les bases de données et les outils associés aux grands programmes d’acquisition de données du GIS Sol, puis les travaux d’analyse de ces données pour produire des métriques et des prédictions sur les propriétés du sol dans l’espace et le temps, et enfin les outils et développements pour la consultation et la diffusion des données sur les sols. Ce panorama des outils actuellement disponibles ou en cours de développement montre l’importance des efforts réalisés sur ce plan par le GIS Sol depuis 2001