21 research outputs found
Arnica montana : évaluation des ressources génétiques françaises en vue du développement de la culture en plaine et en montagne
Ce volume regroupe les textes issus du programme Casdar "Innovation et Partenariat" et "Recherche finalisĂ©e et innovation" de 2013. Le colloque de restitution sâest dĂ©roulĂ© le 6 fĂ©vrier 2019 sous lâĂ©gide du GIS Relance AgronomiqueArnica montana is a major medicinal specie, which is now mainly produced from wild harvesting,especially in mainland France. As the wild resource is decreasing, and in order to maintain or even Gourlin L. et al. 68 Innovations Agronomiques 71 (2019), 67-80 develop the French production, cultivation is a good option, that is still very limited, because of its difficulty. Finding the right plant material could help to enhance cultivation programs. This project aimed at growing 24 wild populations, which were collected in mainland France, and to compare them with 2 commercial varieties, âArboâ and âArnimedâ. This was set on 4 experimentation spots, chosen for their potential match for Arnica cultivation. The experiment lasted 3 years, and morphological andagronomical subjects were studied on the populations. Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoidsanalyzed, and a new methodology of evaluation was developed. The results showed extreme variabilityof phenotypic and chemical expression of the different populations. An important death rate has beennoticed on wild populations, but the causes are still unknown. On the set of variables chosen,commercial varieties âArboâ and âArnimedâ were particularly competitive, and two wild populations standout with promising results. One seems appropriate for starting selection works on a variety that would besuitable for loaw altitude, and the other one could be a local (French) alternative to the cultivation ofselected varieties (âArboâ and âArnimedâ are from Swiss and German selection work).Lâarnica des montagnes est une espĂšce mĂ©dicinale importante dont la production est principalementissue de la cueillette Ă lâĂ©tat sauvage, notamment sur le territoire mĂ©tropolitain. La ressource Ă©tant enrĂ©gression, le maintien, voire le dĂ©veloppement de la production française passe donc par la mise enculture, actuellement anecdotique car difficile. Certains freins pourraient ĂȘtre levĂ©s par la mise enĂ©vidence de matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal adaptĂ© Ă la production. Lâobjectif de ce projet Ă©tait de mettre en culture 24populations dâorigines sauvages (prospectĂ©es en France mĂ©tropolitaine) et de les comparer Ă deuxvariĂ©tĂ©s commerciales tĂ©moins âArboâ et âArnimedâ, sur 4 sites dâexpĂ©rimentation aux contextespĂ©doclimatiques variĂ©s mais a priori adaptĂ©s Ă la culture de lâespĂšce. Durant les 3 annĂ©es dâessai, unsuivi morphologique et agronomique des populations a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ©. Des analyses des sesquiterpĂšneslactones et flavonoĂŻdes ont Ă©tĂ© effectuĂ©es, et une nouvelle mĂ©thodologie de dosage de ces composĂ©s aĂ©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats mettent en exergue la forte variabilitĂ© de lâexpression phĂ©notypique etchimique des diffĂ©rentes souches testĂ©es. Une forte mortalitĂ© globale a pu ĂȘtre constatĂ©e surlâensemble des populations sauvages Ă©tudiĂ©es sans que les causes aient pu en ĂȘtre identifiĂ©es. Surlâensemble des variables suivies, les variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales âArboâ et âArnimedâ sont particuliĂšrementperformantes, et deux populations sauvages se dĂ©marquent par leurs rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants : lâuneparait pertinente pour dĂ©marrer des travaux de sĂ©lection dâune variĂ©tĂ© adaptĂ©e Ă la basse altitude,tandis que lâautre, originaire du Massif central, pourrait se proposer comme une alternative dâoriginelocale (française) Ă la culture de variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales sĂ©lectionnĂ©es (suisse et allemande)
Arnica montana : évaluation des ressources génétiques françaises en vue du développement de la culture en plaine et en montagne
Lâarnica des montagnes est une espĂšce mĂ©dicinale importante dont la production est principalement
issue de la cueillette Ă lâĂ©tat sauvage, notamment sur le territoire mĂ©tropolitain. La ressource Ă©tant en
régression, le maintien, voire le développement de la production française passe donc par la mise en
culture, actuellement anecdotique car difficile. Certains freins pourraient ĂȘtre levĂ©s par la mise en
Ă©vidence de matĂ©riel vĂ©gĂ©tal adaptĂ© Ă la production. Lâobjectif de ce projet Ă©tait de mettre en culture 24
populations dâorigines sauvages (prospectĂ©es en France mĂ©tropolitaine) et de les comparer Ă deux
variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales tĂ©moins âArboâ et âArnimedâ, sur 4 sites dâexpĂ©rimentation aux contextes
pĂ©doclimatiques variĂ©s mais a priori adaptĂ©s Ă la culture de lâespĂšce. Durant les 3 annĂ©es dâessai, un
suivi morphologique et agronomique des populations a été réalisé. Des analyses des sesquiterpÚnes
lactones et flavonoïdes ont été effectuées, et une nouvelle méthodologie de dosage de ces composés a
Ă©tĂ© dĂ©veloppĂ©e. Les rĂ©sultats mettent en exergue la forte variabilitĂ© de lâexpression phĂ©notypique et
chimique des diffĂ©rentes souches testĂ©es. Une forte mortalitĂ© globale a pu ĂȘtre constatĂ©e sur
lâensemble des populations sauvages Ă©tudiĂ©es sans que les causes aient pu en ĂȘtre identifiĂ©es. Sur
lâensemble des variables suivies, les variĂ©tĂ©s commerciales âArboâ et âArnimedâ sont particuliĂšrement
performantes, et deux populations sauvages se dĂ©marquent par leurs rĂ©sultats intĂ©ressants : lâune
parait pertinente pour dĂ©marrer des travaux de sĂ©lection dâune variĂ©tĂ© adaptĂ©e Ă la basse altitude,
tandis que lâautre, originaire du Massif central, pourrait se proposer comme une alternative dâorigine
locale (française) à la culture de variétés commerciales sélectionnées (suisse et allemande).Arnica montana is a major medicinal specie, which is now mainly produced from wild harvesting,
especially in mainland France. As the wild resource is decreasing, and in order to maintain or even
Gourlin L. et al. 68 Innovations Agronomiques 71 (2019), 67-80 develop the French production, cultivation is a good option, that is still very limited, because of its difficulty. Finding the right plant material could help to enhance cultivation programs. This project aimed at growing 24 wild populations, which were collected in mainland France, and to compare them with 2 commercial varieties, âArboâ and âArnimedâ. This was set on 4 experimentation spots, chosen for their potential match for Arnica cultivation. The experiment lasted 3 years, and morphological and
agronomical subjects were studied on the populations. Sesquiterpene lactones and flavonoids
analyzed, and a new methodology of evaluation was developed. The results showed extreme variability
of phenotypic and chemical expression of the different populations. An important death rate has been
noticed on wild populations, but the causes are still unknown. On the set of variables chosen,
commercial varieties âArboâ and âArnimedâ were particularly competitive, and two wild populations stand
out with promising results. One seems appropriate for starting selection works on a variety that would be
suitable for loaw altitude, and the other one could be a local (French) alternative to the cultivation of
selected varieties (âArboâ and âArnimedâ are from Swiss and German selection work)
Les badianes (morphologie et composition chimique en relation avec leurs actions sur le systĂšme nerveux)
ANGERS-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Démarche qualité Phytolia (mise en place d'un contrÎle tierce partie dans la production des drogues végétales et validation des méthodes d'échantillonnage)
ANGERS-BU MĂ©decine-Pharmacie (490072105) / SudocSudocFranceF
Evaluation de l'innocuité et des effets immunostimulants d'extraits végétaux sur lignées cellulaires de poulet
International audienc
Ăvaluation de lâinnocuitĂ© et des effets immunostimulants dâextraits vĂ©gĂ©taux sur lignĂ©es cellulaires de poulet
National audienceMaintaining optimal conditions of welfare and animal health is a daily concern in livestock breeding. The use of plant extracts in poultry feed seems an interesting approach to reinforce the animalsâ natural defenses. However, this approach is limited by the lack of robust references and solid methodological bases. Our objective was to develop and test a simple, reliable and repeatable in vitro method to determine cytotoxic and immunostimulant capacities of plant extracts. A bibliographic study helped identifying 4 plant extracts: Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa. A metabolic activity test (MTT) was carried out on three chicken cell lines, representative of the respiratory (CLEC213), hepatic (LMH) and immune (HD11 macrophages) functions. Immunostimulation was studied in macrophages by assessing the production of the pro-oxidant and antimicrobial molecule nitric oxide (NO) and the activation of the pro-inflammatory NFÎșB pathway. We have shown that Astragalus, Echinacea, Ginseng and Melissa had little or no cytotoxic effects. Melissa and Ginseng have the ability to significantly activate cell metabolism (50-100%), to induce the production of NO (10 to 20-fold) or the activation of the NFÎșB pathway (5 to 18-fold), thus suggesting immunostimulatory activities. In conclusion, extractsâ preparation steps, cell typeâs choice and cell culture conditions allowed us to define a relevant methodology to assess cytotoxic and immunostimulant properties of the extracts. The Melissa and Ginseng extracts appear to be non-cytotoxic candidates, capable of stimulating the natural defenses of poultry.Le maintien de conditions optimales de bien-ĂȘtre et de santĂ© des animaux est une prĂ©occupation quotidienne en Ă©levage. Lâutilisation dâextraits vĂ©gĂ©taux dans lâaliment des volailles semble un alliĂ© intĂ©ressant pour y contribuer, en renforçant les dĂ©fenses naturelles des animaux. NĂ©anmoins, cette voie de valorisation reste limitĂ©e par lâabsence de rĂ©fĂ©rences robustes et de bases mĂ©thodologiques solides. Notre objectif a Ă©tĂ© de mettre au point et dâĂ©prouver une mĂ©thode in vitro simple, fiable et rĂ©pĂ©table qui permettrait dâĂ©valuer l'innocuitĂ© cellulaire et la capacitĂ© immunostimulante dâextraits vĂ©gĂ©taux. Une Ă©tude bibliographique a permis dâidentifier 4 extraits vĂ©gĂ©taux dâintĂ©rĂȘt: Astragale, EchinacĂ©e, Ginseng et MĂ©lisse. Un test d'activitĂ© mĂ©tabolique (MTT) a Ă©tĂ© rĂ©alisĂ© sur trois lignĂ©es cellulaires de poulets, reprĂ©sentatives des fonctions respiratoire (CLEC213), hĂ©patique (LMH) et de la rĂ©ponse immunitaire (macrophages HD11). Lâimmunostimulation induite chez les macrophages a Ă©tĂ© Ă©tudiĂ©e en Ă©valuant la production de lâoxyde nitrique (NO), une molĂ©cule pro-oxydante et antimicrobienne, et l'activation de la voie pro-inflammatoire NFÎșB. Nous avons montrĂ© que les extraits dâAstragale, dâEchinacĂ©e, de Ginseng et de MĂ©lisse sont peu ou pas toxiques pour les cellules. Les extraits de MĂ©lisse et de Ginseng ont la capacitĂ© d'activer le mĂ©tabolisme cellulaire de façon importante (50-100%) et induisent la production de NO (10 Ă 20 fois) ou lâactivation de la voie NFÎșB (5 Ă 18 fois) de façon trĂšs marquĂ©e, suggĂ©rant des activitĂ©s immunostimulantes. En conclusion, les diffĂ©rentes Ă©tapes de prĂ©paration des extraits, de choix des types cellulaires et des conditions de culture ont permis de dĂ©finir une mĂ©thode pertinente pour Ă©valuer l'innocuitĂ© et la capacitĂ© immunostimulante des extraits. Les extraits de MĂ©lisse et de Ginseng semblent ĂȘtre des candidats non cytotoxiques, capables de stimuler les dĂ©fenses naturelles des volaille
MEXAVI - DĂ©veloppement dâune mĂ©thodologie Ă©prouvĂ©e permettant dâĂ©valuer la capacitĂ© des extraits vĂ©gĂ©taux Ă renforcer les dĂ©fenses naturelles des volailles, depuis la sĂ©lection des extraits jusquâĂ la mesure de lâefficacitĂ© biologique.
A national plan to fight antibiotic resistance (EcoAntibio2017 plan) aims at reducing the use of veterinaryantibiotics, in particular by promoting the development of strategies to preserve and strengthen animalhealth. The use of plant extracts as an additive in poultry feed opens up new products for the perfume,aromatic and medicinal plants (PPAM) sector and constitutes an interesting solution for preventing theuse of antibiotics. Nevertheless, this method of valuation remains limited by the absence of robustreferences and solid methodological bases allowing them, most often leading to results that are not veryreproducible and sometimes contradictory.As part of this project, a tool for validating the reliability of the literature resource was developed. It willmake it possible to objectify the choice of extracts to be used and tested. Methodologies for characterizingextracts and their stability but also for evaluating their efficacy and harmlessness were developed.Un plan national de lutte contre lâantibiorĂ©sistance (plan EcoAntibio2017) vise Ă rĂ©duire l'usage desantibiotiques vĂ©tĂ©rinaires, notamment en favorisant le dĂ©veloppement des stratĂ©gies permettant deprĂ©server et renforcer la santĂ© des animaux. Lâutilisation dâextraits vĂ©gĂ©taux en tant quâadditif danslâaliment des volailles ouvre de dĂ©bouchĂ©s pour la filiĂšre des plantes Ă parfum, aromatiques et mĂ©dicinales(PPAM) et constitue une solution intĂ©ressante pour prĂ©venir lâusage des antibiotiques. NĂ©anmoins, cettevoie de valorisation reste limitĂ©e par lâabsence de rĂ©fĂ©rences robustes et de bases mĂ©thodologiquessolides permettant leur Ă©valuation, aboutissant le plus souvent Ă des rĂ©sultats peu reproductibles etparfois contradictoires.Dans le cadre de ce projet, un outil de validation de la fiabilitĂ© de la ressource bibliographique a Ă©tĂ©Ă©laborĂ©. Il permettra dâobjectiver le choix des extraits vĂ©gĂ©taux Ă utiliser et tester. Des mĂ©thodologies decaractĂ©risation des extraits et de leur stabilitĂ© mais aussi dâĂ©valuation de leur efficacitĂ© et innocuitĂ© ontpu ĂȘtre dĂ©veloppĂ©es
Potential of extracts from Saponaria officinalis and Calendula officinalis to modulate in vitro rumen fermentation with respect to their content in saponins
International audienceSaponins have the potential to favorably modulate rumen fermentation, but there is generally a lack of the chemical structures associated with the described effects. The activity of extracts from Calendula officinalisand Saponaria officinalis in the rumen was evaluated in vitro. The S. officinalis root extract, reduced CH4production by 8.5% and increased total VFA concentration by 25.2%. C. officinalis and S. officinalis root extracts and the S. officinalis aerial part extract decreased the acetate to propionate ratio from 8.6 to 17.4%, according to the extract. An HPLC-ELSD analysis indicated that the saponin content ranged from 43.6 to 57.6âmg/g of dry matter (DM) in the C. officinalis extracts and from 224.0 to 693.8âmg/g of DM in the S. officinalis extracts, expressed as the hederacoside C equivalent. Identification of the saponin compounds present in the extracts by HPLCâMSn suggested that the saponin profile modulated the biological activities, showing the importance of determining the structure of saponins when evaluating extracts.</p