Fermented soy-derived bioactive peptides selected by a molecular docking approach show antioxidant properties involving the keap1/nrf2 pathway

Bioactive peptides are a group of molecules with health beneficial properties, deriving from food matrices. They are protein fragments consisting of 2–20 amino acids that can be released by microbial fermentation, food processing and gastrointestinal digestion. Once hydrolyzed from their native proteins, they can have different functions including antioxidant activity, which is important for cell protection by oxidant agents. In this work, fermented soy products were digested in vitro in order to improve the release of bioactive peptides. These were extracted, purified and analyzed in vitro and in a cellular model to assess their antioxidant activity. Peptide sequences were identified by LC-MS/MS analysis and a molecular docking approach was used to predict their ability to interact with Keap1, one of the key proteins of the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway, the major system involved in redox regulation. Peptides showing a high score of interaction were selected and tested for their antioxidant properties in a cellular environment using the Caco-2 cell line and examined for their capability to defend cells against oxidative stress. Our results indicate that several of the selected peptides were indeed able to activate the Keap1/Nrf2 pathway with the consequent overexpression of antioxidant and phase II enzymes

Transient global amnesia triggered by migraine in monozygotic twins.

Transitory global amnesia and migraine without aura are diseases with unclear pathophysiologic mechanisms, but with evidence of comorbidity. We describe twin monozygotic brothers, both presenting episodes of transitory global amnesia occurring only during attacks of migraine without aura. This report supports the hypothesis of a common underlying pathogenetic mechanism, possibly related to the cortical spreading depression. Furthermore, a common genetic trait in both the diseases or more probably in a particular subgroup of patients could be hypothesized

Analysis on the use of migraine preventative drugs in current clinical practice

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The use of migraine preventative drugs on current clinical practice. An analysis based on a series of 400 patients

In 2002 the Italian Society for the Study of Headaches (SISC) introduced a second version of guidelines (GL) aimed to determine the most appropriate choice of drugs for the therapy of migraine. The impact of preventative GL in the general practice had been assessed in 1999, when drug use was evaluated respectively before (1989-92, n 351) and after (1995-98, n 204) the introduction of 1993 GL. Our aim was to establish the impact in migraine patients using the 2002 SISC GL. The common use of migraine preventative drugs in current clinical practice differs in many aspects from the 2002 SISC GL. Very relevant is the fact that the number of patients who, despite having the indication for preventative treatment are not receiving it, is very high (58.3%) and remains substantially unchanged during the years. A more adequate diffusion of the just published 2011 GL should be planned in order to effectively impact current practice. Furthermore, the promotion of the use of a headache diary could improve the therapeutic choice when a preventative strategy is being considered