45,394 research outputs found
A Tighter Test of Local Lorentz Invariance using PSR J2317+1439
Gravity being a long-range force, one might {\it a priori} expect the
Universe's global matter distribution to select a preferred rest frame for
local gravitational physics. The phenomenology of preferred-frame effects, in
the strong-gravitational field context of binary pulsars, is described by two
parameters and . These parameters vanish
identically in general relativity, and reduce, in the weak-field limit, to the
two parametrized post-Newtonian (PPN) parameters and .
We derive a limit of (90\%~C.L.) using
the very low eccentricity binary pulsar PSR J2317+1439, improving by a factor
of 3 on previous limits.Comment: 4 pages, LaTeX, requires aaspp4.sty and flushrt.sty, submitted to Ap
Creation and localization of entanglement in a simple configuration of coupled harmonic oscillators
We investigate a simple arrangement of coupled harmonic oscillators which
brings out some interesting effects concerning creation of entanglement. It is
well known that if each member in a linear chain of coupled harmonic
oscillators is prepared in a ``classical state'', such as a pure coherent state
or a mixed thermal state, no entanglement is created in the rotating wave
approximation. On the other hand, if one of the oscillators is prepared in a
nonclassical state (pure squeezed state, for instance), entanglement may be
created between members of the chain. In the setup considered here, we found
that a great family of nonclassical (squeezed) states can localize entanglement
in such a way that distant oscillators never become entangled. We present a
detailed study of this particular localization phenomenon. Our results may find
application in future solid state implementations of quantum computers, and we
suggest an electromechanical system consisting of an array of coupled
micromechanical oscillators as a possible implementation.Comment: 7 pages, 8 figures, minor typos fixe
Maximal violation of Bell inequality for any given two-qubit pure state
In the case of bipartite two qubits systems, we derive the analytical
expression of bound of Bell operator for any given pure state. Our result not
only manifest some properties of Bell inequality, for example which may be
violated by any pure entangled state and only be maximally violated for a
maximally entangled state, but also give the explicit values of maximal
violation for any pure state. Finally we point out that for two qubits systems
there is no mixed state which can produce maximal violation of Bell inequality.Comment: 3 pages, 1 figure
Correlation functions, Bell's inequalities and the fundamental conservation laws
I derive the correlation function for a general theory of two-valued spin
variables that satisfy the fundamental conservation law of angular momentum.
The unique theory-independent correlation function is identical to the quantum
mechanical correlation function. I prove that any theory of correlations of
such discrete variables satisfying the fundamental conservation law of angular
momentum violates the Bell's inequalities. Taken together with the Bell's
theorem, this result has far reaching implications. No theory satisfying
Einstein locality, reality in the EPR-Bell sense, and the validity of the
conservation law can be constructed. Therefore, all local hidden variable
theories are incompatible with fundamental symmetries and conservation laws.
Bell's inequalities can be obeyed only by violating a conservation law. The
implications for experiments on Bell's inequalities are obvious. The result
provides new insight regarding entanglement, and its measures.Comment: LaTeX, 12pt, 11 pages, 2 figure
Amplitude control of quantum interference
Usually, the oscillations of interference effects are controlled by relative
phases. We show that varying the amplitudes of quantum waves, for instance by
changing the reflectivity of beam splitters, can also lead to quantum
oscillations and even to Bell violations of local realism. We first study
theoretically a generalization of the Hong-Ou-Mandel experiment to arbitrary
source numbers and beam splitter transmittivity. We then consider a Bell type
experiment with two independent sources, and find strong violations of local
realism for arbitrarily large source number ; for small , one operator
measures essentially the relative phase of the sources and the other their
intensities. Since, experimentally, one can measure the parity of the number of
atoms in an optical lattice more easily than the number itself, we assume that
the detectors measure parity.Comment: 4 pages; 4 figure
A search for spectral alteration effects in chondritic gas-rich breccias
Several samples of gas-rich breccias were selected, including slabs of the Kapoeta howardite, the ordinary chondrites Dubrovnik, Cangas de Onis, and Dimmit. Numerous 0.8 to 2.5 micron reflection spectra of selected areas on sawed or broken surfaces were measured with the Planetary Geosciences Division spectrogoniometer. While these spectra are not directly comparable to those of powered samples, comparisons within the data set should reveal any spectral differences due to weathering. These results indicate that unknown regolith processes do not confer the ordinary-chondrite parent bodies with an altered layer exhibiting S-class spectral properties. This is consistent with recent interpretations of the new Q-class of asteroids as the ordinary-chondrite parent bodies. However, significant spectral effects do occur in asteroid regoliths: darkening and suppression of absorption bands in highly shocked material, as seen previously in the so-called black chondrites; and segregation of metal in large impact melt pools on chondritic asteroids, which may have achondritic spectra. Neither of these effects is likely to be significant in interpreting current integral-disk spectra, but should be searched for in spectral maps returned by future spacecraft
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