Millennial-aged pyrogenic carbon in high-latitude mineral soils

Wildfires in the Arctic are producing pyrogenic carbon as product of incomplete biomass combustion. The storage and distribution of pyrogenic carbon in soils is poorly known, especially in carbon rich permafrost-affected mineral soils. Here, we extracted pyrogenic carbon in mineral soils from eleven forest sites across the North Canadian permafrost regions by hydrogen pyrolysis. We found pyrogenic carbon with millennial-scale ages that were older in continuous (1960–12,690 calibrated years before present) than in discontinuous (510–3560 calibrated years before present) permafrost-affected soils. In all cases, pyrogenic carbon showed longer residence times compared to bulk soil organic carbon. The proportions of pyrogenic carbon on total soil organic carbon were consistent at 6.9 ± 0.5% of total soil organic carbon. Thus, pyrogenic carbon forms a significant component of the total soil organic carbon and climatic as well as soil factors control the long residence times of pyrogenic carbon in vulnerable high-latitude forest mineral soils

Typed Intermediate Languages for Shape-Analysis

We introduce S2, a typed intermediate language for vectors, based on a 2level type-theory, which distinguishes between compile-time and run-time. The paper shows how S2 can be used to extract useful information from programs written in the Nested Sequence Calculus NSC, an idealized high-level parallel calculus for nested sequences. We study two translations from NSC to S2. The most interesting shows that shape analysis (in the sense of Jay) can be handled at compile-time. Introduction Good intermediate languages are an important prerequisite for program analysis and optimization, the main purpose of such languages is to make as explicit as possible the information that is only implicit in source programs (see [18]). A common features of such intermediate languages is an aggressive use of types to incorporate additional information, e.g.: binding times (see [18]), boxed/unboxed values (see [20]), effects (see [23]). In particular, among the ML community the use of types in intermediat..

Sharing Economy for Tourism and Hospitality: new ways of living and new trends in interior design

This paper describes a research conducted in the last year at the Design Department of Design, regarding design and sharing services, especially in the hospitality field. The term hospitality is used here with a wide meaning, coming from the idea that “Real hospitality is not just welcoming people in on the first night, but liking that they come back and stay, fitting into the city, making their own contribution and making the place their own” (Leadbeater, 2009). Collection and analysis of more than 61 examples of hospitality sharing services was a useful tool to understand the current international scenario. The collected case studies were presented on 6 positioning maps regarding six specific themes of the study