Management Strategies and Intervention Program Readiness for Paroled Offenders and Ex-offenders

Paroled offenders and ex-offenders\u27 retention and completion for 3 small-sized prisoner- release intervention programs in Columbus, Ohio, continue to decline. Prisoner-release intervention programs aid paroled offenders and ex-offenders with societal reentry. Influenced by the conceptual framework of the social control theory, this exploratory multiple case study was designed to contribute to the common understanding of the paroled offenders and ex-offenders\u27 retention and completion in the small-sized prisoner release intervention programs. The 18 participants included stakeholders from the criminal justice system, prisoner-release intervention programs, community advocacy organizations, and drug and alcohol rehabilitation centers. Analysis of data collected from interviews and telephone calls resulted in the emergence of codes, themes, and categories. The findings from this study could be used by the programs to establish a proactive presence in the prison systems before inmate release for early intervention. Further, the small-sized prisoner-release intervention programs could use the findings to develop new initiatives, and scholars could use the findings to better understand the social conditions affecting small-sized prisoner-release intervention programs

The impact of economic and social human rights in New Zealand case law

Although New Zealand has traditionally relied on 'progressive realisation' of economic, social and cultural rights (ESCR) through public policy decision-making, recently there has been a small number of cases relying on international human rights treatises, including the International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights (ICESCR), to support the legal argument. This article reviews the implementation of the ICESCR in New Zealand through an analysis of this case law. The article argues that although there has been an increase in the number of cases relying on ESCR, the courts have been reluctant to grant a remedy without ESCR being explicitly incorporated into the domestic law. The article further argues that the attempt to provide a remedy for ESCR through the declaration of inconsistency under the Human Rights Amendment Act 2001 has highlighted the need for the inclusion of ESCR into the New Zealand Bill of Rights Act 1990