Hotdog in bun: a recent technique for oophoropexy

Ovarian torsion is an acute gynaecological emergency. It may present at any age group, however it is more common in the reproductive years. The patient may present with a myriad of clinical features which are often non-specific posing a diagnostic dilemma. Ultrasonography is the best initial modality of imaging. Once diagnosed a surgical approach is the mainstay of treatment. Preservation of ovaries and preventing recurrence in young patients is crucial. We present a case of a young adolescent girl diagnosed with an ovarian torsion who was managed laparoscopically. Oophoropexy was done to avoid future recurrence by an emerging method called the “Hotdog in bun” technique

DATA COMMUNICATION USING VISIBLE LIGHT

Visible Light Communication (VLC) using a Light Fidelity system, as proposed by a German physicist—Harald Haas, provides transmission of data through illumination by sending data through an LED light source that varies in intensity that can be controlled and adjusted such that it appears as normal light to the naked human eye. Here the property of persistence of vision of the human eye is exploited for additional application of a free, sustainable and green source that can be used for wireless communication at very fast data rates. This paper focuses on developing a low cost Li-Fi based system and analyses its performance with respect to existing wireless technology. Wi-Fi is great for general wireless coverage within buildings, whereas Li-Fi is ideal for high density wireless data coverage in confined area and for relieving radio interference issues. Li-Fi based system provides better bandwidth, efficiency, availability and security than Wi-Fi and has already achieved higher data rates. By leveraging the low-cost nature of LEDs and lighting units there are many opportunities to exploit this medium, from public internet access through day-to-day light sources which have their primary purpose of only emitting light. This project envisions a future where data for communication devices will be transmitted through the visible spectrum thus de-clogging the currently overused RF spectrum

Changing trends in Indian Medical Education: Past, present and future

Medical education is evolving with understanding and accepting the newer avenues of teaching learning methods introduced by various educators across the world. What we learned as a medical student 30 years ago has changed and is still changing. Its like in a state of continuous motion. New novel ideas and concepts are introduced and we embrace them and try to inculcate them in our traditional teaching learning methods for effective delivery of medical educatio

Electrical and Optical Characterisation of 100 MeV 197Au Irradiated GaAs.

Effect of 100 MeV 197Au implantation, followed by Rapid Thermal Annealing on electrical and optical characteristic is reported. Single crystal n+ GaAs substrates of orientation have been implanted at room temperature with 197Au ions to the doses of 1X1012, 1X1013, 1X1014 ions/cm2. The as-implanted current-voltage (I-V) characteristic of samples is studied and the optical investigations in IR and mid IR-range have been made. The implanted samples were isochronally annealed by RTA system at different temperatures and the room temperature electrical characterization and the optical investigations are reported

Modeling and simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in agitated filter-dryers

Wet granular mixtures have a plethora of industrial applications such as agricultural production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cement mixing. Therefore, a good understanding of the rheology, hydrodynamics, and heat- and mass-transfer considerations of wet granular mixtures is paramount. One such application is the drying of a liquid solvent from a wet cake consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an agitated filter-dryer (AFD). It is a key but also challenging unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a good understanding of the drying mechanism involved in this operation is often lacking. Agitated filter-dryers operate at high volume fractions of the granular material to increase the batch size of the product. One of the challenges in obtaining accurate predictions of the granular rheology and hydrodynamics in densely packed granular beds using constitutive models for the granular stress in continuum simulations is ensuring their realizable behavior near the maximum packing limit. In this work, we have developed a novel solution approach through a one-dimensional (1-D) canonical problem to obtain realizable results from continuum simulations of dense granular flow without any ad hoc modifications in constitutive models. This new solution approach is capable of capturing shock propagations and controlling postshock oscillations and is used to report solutions to a granular flow problem illustrating the transition from variable density to incompressible regime at the maximum packing limit. This bridges the gap between stationary and non-stationary CFD simulations of hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in AFD assemblies. The principal challenges in the drying process of API in AFDs have been predicting and controlling particle agglomeration and/or particle attrition. The API bed is mostly static and an intermittent agitation protocol is followed to minimize any impact on particle size distribution (PSD) while improving homogeneity during agitation. Therefore, a thorough understanding of heat- and mass-transfer considerations in stationary wet granular mixtures is equally important. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) analytical solutions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are developed to gain a deeper understanding into the problem. A better understanding of the drying process of wet cakes in AFD assemblies is gained by integrating insights from three-dimensional analytical solutions and CFD simulations into a zero-dimensional model to explain experimental data. A continuum solver to study multiphase coupled heat and mass transfer that can be self-consistent and does not require inputs from other models to study the problem under consideration has been developed in an OpenFOAM framework to obtain spatial variations of different fields and analyze the process in 3-D. A way forward to develop a coupled heat- and mass-transfer solver that provides faster solutions is also proposed. Integration of the aforementioned modeling techniques to study the drying of wet granular mixtures is valuable in devising an accurate drying protocol in agitated filter-dryers

Modeling and simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in agitated filter-dryers

Wet granular mixtures have a plethora of industrial applications such as agricultural production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cement mixing. Therefore, a good understanding of the rheology, hydrodynamics, and heat- and mass-transfer considerations of wet granular mixtures is paramount. One such application is the drying of a liquid solvent from a wet cake consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an agitated filter-dryer (AFD). It is a key but also challenging unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a good understanding of the drying mechanism involved in this operation is often lacking. Agitated filter-dryers operate at high volume fractions of the granular material to increase the batch size of the product. One of the challenges in obtaining accurate predictions of the granular rheology and hydrodynamics in densely packed granular beds using constitutive models for the granular stress in continuum simulations is ensuring their realizable behavior near the maximum packing limit. In this work, we have developed a novel solution approach through a one-dimensional (1-D) canonical problem to obtain realizable results from continuum simulations of dense granular flow without any ad hoc modifications in constitutive models. This new solution approach is capable of capturing shock propagations and controlling postshock oscillations and is used to report solutions to a granular flow problem illustrating the transition from variable density to incompressible regime at the maximum packing limit. This bridges the gap between stationary and non-stationary CFD simulations of hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in AFD assemblies. The principal challenges in the drying process of API in AFDs have been predicting and controlling particle agglomeration and/or particle attrition. The API bed is mostly static and an intermittent agitation protocol is followed to minimize any impact on particle size distribution (PSD) while improving homogeneity during agitation. Therefore, a thorough understanding of heat- and mass-transfer considerations in stationary wet granular mixtures is equally important. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) analytical solutions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are developed to gain a deeper understanding into the problem. A better understanding of the drying process of wet cakes in AFD assemblies is gained by integrating insights from three-dimensional analytical solutions and CFD simulations into a zero-dimensional model to explain experimental data. A continuum solver to study multiphase coupled heat and mass transfer that can be self-consistent and does not require inputs from other models to study the problem under consideration has been developed in an OpenFOAM framework to obtain spatial variations of different fields and analyze the process in 3-D. A way forward to develop a coupled heat- and mass-transfer solver that provides faster solutions is also proposed. Integration of the aforementioned modeling techniques to study the drying of wet granular mixtures is valuable in devising an accurate drying protocol in agitated filter-dryers

Modeling and simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in agitated filter-dryers

Wet granular mixtures have a plethora of industrial applications such as agricultural production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cement mixing. Therefore, a good understanding of the rheology, hydrodynamics, and heat- and mass-transfer considerations of wet granular mixtures is paramount. One such application is the drying of a liquid solvent from a wet cake consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an agitated filter-dryer (AFD). It is a key but also challenging unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a good understanding of the drying mechanism involved in this operation is often lacking. Agitated filter-dryers operate at high volume fractions of the granular material to increase the batch size of the product. One of the challenges in obtaining accurate predictions of the granular rheology and hydrodynamics in densely packed granular beds using constitutive models for the granular stress in continuum simulations is ensuring their realizable behavior near the maximum packing limit. In this work, we have developed a novel solution approach through a one-dimensional (1-D) canonical problem to obtain realizable results from continuum simulations of dense granular flow without any ad hoc modifications in constitutive models. This new solution approach is capable of capturing shock propagations and controlling postshock oscillations and is used to report solutions to a granular flow problem illustrating the transition from variable density to incompressible regime at the maximum packing limit. This bridges the gap between stationary and non-stationary CFD simulations of hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in AFD assemblies. The principal challenges in the drying process of API in AFDs have been predicting and controlling particle agglomeration and/or particle attrition. The API bed is mostly static and an intermittent agitation protocol is followed to minimize any impact on particle size distribution (PSD) while improving homogeneity during agitation. Therefore, a thorough understanding of heat- and mass-transfer considerations in stationary wet granular mixtures is equally important. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) analytical solutions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are developed to gain a deeper understanding into the problem. A better understanding of the drying process of wet cakes in AFD assemblies is gained by integrating insights from three-dimensional analytical solutions and CFD simulations into a zero-dimensional model to explain experimental data. A continuum solver to study multiphase coupled heat and mass transfer that can be self-consistent and does not require inputs from other models to study the problem under consideration has been developed in an OpenFOAM framework to obtain spatial variations of different fields and analyze the process in 3-D. A way forward to develop a coupled heat- and mass-transfer solver that provides faster solutions is also proposed. Integration of the aforementioned modeling techniques to study the drying of wet granular mixtures is valuable in devising an accurate drying protocol in agitated filter-dryers

Modeling and simulation of hydrodynamics, heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in agitated filter-dryers

Wet granular mixtures have a plethora of industrial applications such as agricultural production, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and cement mixing. Therefore, a good understanding of the rheology, hydrodynamics, and heat- and mass-transfer considerations of wet granular mixtures is paramount. One such application is the drying of a liquid solvent from a wet cake consisting of active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in an agitated filter-dryer (AFD). It is a key but also challenging unit operation in the pharmaceutical industry. However, a good understanding of the drying mechanism involved in this operation is often lacking. Agitated filter-dryers operate at high volume fractions of the granular material to increase the batch size of the product. One of the challenges in obtaining accurate predictions of the granular rheology and hydrodynamics in densely packed granular beds using constitutive models for the granular stress in continuum simulations is ensuring their realizable behavior near the maximum packing limit. In this work, we have developed a novel solution approach through a one-dimensional (1-D) canonical problem to obtain realizable results from continuum simulations of dense granular flow without any ad hoc modifications in constitutive models. This new solution approach is capable of capturing shock propagations and controlling postshock oscillations and is used to report solutions to a granular flow problem illustrating the transition from variable density to incompressible regime at the maximum packing limit. This bridges the gap between stationary and non-stationary CFD simulations of hydrodynamics, and heat and mass transfer of wet granular mixtures in AFD assemblies. The principal challenges in the drying process of API in AFDs have been predicting and controlling particle agglomeration and/or particle attrition. The API bed is mostly static and an intermittent agitation protocol is followed to minimize any impact on particle size distribution (PSD) while improving homogeneity during agitation. Therefore, a thorough understanding of heat- and mass-transfer considerations in stationary wet granular mixtures is equally important. In this work, three-dimensional (3-D) analytical solutions and computational fluid dynamics (CFD) simulations are developed to gain a deeper understanding into the problem. A better understanding of the drying process of wet cakes in AFD assemblies is gained by integrating insights from three-dimensional analytical solutions and CFD simulations into a zero-dimensional model to explain experimental data. A continuum solver to study multiphase coupled heat and mass transfer that can be self-consistent and does not require inputs from other models to study the problem under consideration has been developed in an OpenFOAM framework to obtain spatial variations of different fields and analyze the process in 3-D. A way forward to develop a coupled heat- and mass-transfer solver that provides faster solutions is also proposed. Integration of the aforementioned modeling techniques to study the drying of wet granular mixtures is valuable in devising an accurate drying protocol in agitated filter-dryers

STUDY OF DIFFERENT TYPES OF VEGETABLE DRYING METHODS IN DRYING BOX

Drying is a mass transfer process consisting of the removal of water or another solvent by evaporation from a solid, semi-solid or liquid. A source of heat and an agent to remove the vapor produced by the process are often involved. With the help of this review, it is possible to determine variousvegetable drying methods thatcould easily be adopted for preservation of vegetables. Theobjective of this paperis to understand thedifferent types of vegetable drying methods in drying box

Large Disappearing Mullerian Cyst on Posterior Vaginal Wall: Report of a Rare Case

Cystic lesions of vagina are relatively uncommon and an incidental finding during routine gynaecological examination. Mullerian cysts are congenital cysts of vagina, usually reported during childbearing age group. These cysts mostly arise at the level of cervix and extend anteriorly in relation to bladder, but very rarely they may also extend posteriorly. This is a rare case of large posterior vaginal wall cyst of Mullerian origin. A 40 year old multi para (P2L2 both Full term normal delivery) presented with complaints of swelling in vagina since one and half years. Pelvic examination revealed a 6cms x 4cms x 3cms cystic mass arising from the posterior vaginal wall. Complete excision of the cyst was done. Histopathology confirmed a Mullerian cyst