Economic Sustainability in Emerging Agro-Industrial Systems: The Case of Brazilian Olive Cultivation

The economic sustainability of agro-industrial systems expresses firms’ competitive capacity and can be achieved with greater innovation, productivity and price management. The emerging olive oil agro-industrial systems in Brazil lack the information on economic and financial performance that they need to grow. The objective of this study is to evaluate the financial viability of an olive grove and the competitiveness and economic sustainability of the extra virgin olive oil using primary data collected and analyzed by the policy analysis matrix method. The main indicators considered with respect to current production and commercialization techniques are private and social profitability, added value, remuneration of domestic factors and total factor productivity. It is concluded that the emerging extra virgin olive oil agro-industrial system in Brazil has financially viable olive groves, significant competitiveness and presents economic sustainability.institutional facilities of Embrapa- Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationDepartment of International EconomySpain of the University of GranadaConselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cientifico e Tecnologico (CNPQ

Analysis of competitiveness of the whole milk powder production chain

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a competitividade de três cadeias produtivas do leite em pó integral no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), com três diferentes níveis tecnológicos (baixo, médio e alto) no elo de produção de matéria-prima. O método utilizado foi o instrumento Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), desenvolvido por Monke e Pearson (1989). Os resultados evidenciaram que todas as cadeias produtivas estudadas apresentaram ganhos na forma de lucros privados (ou seja, há remuneração dos agentes acima dos custos de oportunidade e da depreciação dos investimentos) e ganhos nos lucros sociais (ou seja, há eficiência econômica e vantagens comparativas). Por fim, concluiu-se que a cadeia produtiva com o elo de produção de médio nível tecnológico, intensiva em uso de insumos de produção, apresentou mais efeitos penalizadores de políticas tributárias do que aquelas com menores índices de adoção de insumos modernos, conforme valores das Razões dos Custos Privados (RCPs), que foram 0,72, 0,46 e 0,26, respectivamente, para as cadeias produtivas com médio, baixo e alto nível tecnológico no elo de produção de matéria-prima.This paper aimed at analyzing competitiveness of three whole milk powder production chains in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) with three different technological levels (low, medium and high) of raw material production using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology, developed by Monke and Pearson (1989). The results showed that all of the production chains studied generated earnings in the form of both private profits (i.e. the remuneration of the agents is higher than the opportunity costs and investment depreciation) and social profits (i.e. there are economic effectiveness and comparative advantages). The production chain with the medium technological production level, in which the use of production inputs was intensive, suffered more penalizing effects of taxation policies than the chains showing lower indices of modern input adoption, according to the values of Private Cost Ratios (PCRs), which were the following: 0.72, 0.46, and 0.26, for medium, low and high technological raw material production levels, respectively

Eco-innovation in agribusiness : systematic review of literature

As crises socioecológicas globais enfrentadas pela sociedade contemporânea requerem o desenvolvimento de inovações ambientais pautadas na sustentabilidade, denominadas, neste estudo, como ecoinovações. No contexto agrícola/agronegocial tal necessidade torna-se ainda mais evidente, haja vista sua relação direta entre impactos agroecossistêmicos e mecanismos de mercado. Com vistas a essa conjuntura, a pesquisa realizada teve como objetivo analisar as diferentes abordagens da ecoinovação no contexto agrícola/agronegocial, existentes na literatura. Para tanto, realizou-se uma revisão sistemática da literatura a partir de artigos científicos de alto impacto publicados nas bases de dados Scopus e Web of Science. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram uma evolução temporal das publicações, predominantemente nos últimos três anos, associada a uma evolução conceitual do fenômeno estudado. As abordagens de ecoinovação foram divididas em quatro grupos: ecoinovação em produtos e processos; difusão da ecoinovação; avaliação do ciclo de vida e sistemas de ecoinovação. Assim, sintetizam-se os esforços científicos em prol do entendimento e viabilização desse fenômeno e suas distintas interfaces. Como tendências e desafios para a ecoinovação no contexto analisado, tem-se principalmente a multidisciplinaridade dessa temática, o que dificulta estabelecer estratégias para seu desenvolvimento. Apresenta-se, todavia, um conjunto de potencialidades que envolvem inovação ambiental no agronegócio, apresentando possíveis diretrizes para o desenvolvimento sustentável das atividades agrícolas.The global socio-ecological crises faced by contemporary society require the development of environmental innovations based on sustainability, denominated in this study, as eco-innovations. In the agricultural / agribusiness context, this need becomes even more evident, given its direct relationship between agro ecosystemic impacts and market mechanisms. In view of this situation, the research carried out had the objective of analyzing the different approaches of eco-innovation in the agricultural / agribusiness context, existing in the literature. For this, a systematic review of the literature was made from high impact scientific papers published in the Scopus and Web of Science databases. The results obtained demonstrated a temporal evolution of the publications, predominantly in the last three years, associated to a conceptual evolution of the phenomenon studied. The eco-innovation approaches were divided into four groups: eco-innovation in products and processes; diffusion of eco-innovation; life cycle assessment, and; eco-innovation systems. Thus, scientific efforts are synthesized in favor of the understanding and feasibility of this phenomenon and its different interfaces. As tendencies and challenges for the eco-innovation in the analyzed context, the multidisciplinarity of this theme is mainly, which makes it difficult to establish strategies for its development. However, it presents a set of potentialities that involve environmental innovation in agribusiness, presenting possible guidelines for the sustainable development of agricultural activities

Avaliação econômica e contábil das cadeias produtivas do arroz beneficiado no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil) e Uruguai com aplicação da Matriz de Análise de Políticas

Rice is the basis of diet for almost half of the world population, and its culture is one of the strategic agroindustrial production chains in the agribusiness environment, in both economic and social levels. Thus, the comparative analysis between the production chains of rice milled in Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brazil, and Uruguay was mainly motivated by the interest in knowing the differences in the business environment and public policies that impact the competitiveness of this chain in both study regions. Therefore, the objective of this study was to assess the economic efficiency, competitiveness, and effects of public policies of the rice production chain of milled rice in RS (Brazil) relative to Uruguay. The data collected in this study are from the 2011-2012 harvests and indicators were calculated by applying the concepts of the policy analysis matrix (PAM). Results showed that the chains in both study regions were competitive under the existing market and policy conditions, revealed comparative advantage, transferred a high load of resources to other sectors of the economy, and satisfactorily remuneration of the domestic production factors. However, the competitiveness and comparative advantage shown in this study were not due to the encouraging intervention policies, as both production systems pay high taxes.O arroz é a base da alimentação para quase metade da população mundial, e sua cultura se situa como uma das cadeias produtivas agroindustriais estratégicas no ambiente do agronegócio, tanto no nível econômico como no social. Assim, a análise comparativa entre as cadeias produtivas do arroz beneficiado no Rio Grande do Sul (RS), Brasil e no Uruguai foi motivada, principalmente, pelo interesse em conhecer as diferenças no ambiente de negócios e nas políticas públicas que afetam a competitividade desta cadeia nas respectivas regiões. Portanto, o objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar a eficiência econômica, competitividade, e efeitos de políticas públicas da cadeia produtiva de arroz beneficiado no RS (Brasil) em relação ao Uruguai. Os dados coletados neste estudo são das safras de 2011-2012 e, os indicadores foram calculados aplicando os conceitos da matriz de análise de políticas (MAP). Os resultados mostraram que as cadeias em ambas as regiões de estudo foram competitivas sob as condições de mercado e políticas existentes, evidenciaram vantagem comparativa, transferiram alto volume de recursos para outros setores da economia, remunerando satisfatoriamente os fatores domésticos de produção. Entretanto, tal competitividade e vantagem comparativa demonstrada não se deveram às intervenções políticas de incentivo, pois ambos sistemas de produção pagam elevados tributos

Impacts of the COVID-19 Pandemic on the Production Costs and Competitiveness of the Brazilian Chicken Meat Chain

Sanitary requirements, geopolitical crises, and other factors that increase price volatility have an impact on the organization of markets and changes in investment policies and business strategies. The COVID-19 pandemic interrupted the trade of chicken meat, due to the drastic reduction in the circulation of goods, interrupted the supply of production chains, changed consumption habits, and made it difficult to reorganize business due to the slow resumption of operations by suppliers of inputs and in distribution logistics. The magnitude of these impacts has not been studied despite the high relevance of this economic dimension and the managerial implications for sector governance and trade management. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the production costs and competitiveness of the Brazilian chicken meat production chain. The methodology consisted of the detailed collection of information and data on private and social prices carried out using the Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) method. The competitiveness coefficients and policy effects in the Brazilian broiler production chain before (2015) and during (2022) the COVID-19 pandemic were quantified and compared. Generally, the significant increases in the production costs of chicken meat (30.49%) caused a decrease in total factor productivity (−19.54%), a reduction in gross revenue, and lower tax collection. The pandemic has reduced the profitability of the chicken production chain in Brazil by 32.31%, reduced the competitiveness of exports, and worsened other economic indicators of the production chain. To the best of our knowledge, no other study has investigated the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic on the competitiveness of the Brazilian chicken meat production chain. The PAM method allows for prices paid and received to be updated in real terms in projects representative of Brazil, the world leader in exports. This information is important for both national and international stakeholders. Additionally, this model is applicable to other meats traded in the international market, as it provides greater precision in business management and can estimate the impacts of risks on the availability or quality of food and health crises with robust results

Analysis of competitiveness of the whole milk powder production chain

O artigo teve como objetivo analisar a competitividade de três cadeias produtivas do leite em pó integral no Rio Grande do Sul (Brasil), com três diferentes níveis tecnológicos (baixo, médio e alto) no elo de produção de matéria-prima. O método utilizado foi o instrumento Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM), desenvolvido por Monke e Pearson (1989). Os resultados evidenciaram que todas as cadeias produtivas estudadas apresentaram ganhos na forma de lucros privados (ou seja, há remuneração dos agentes acima dos custos de oportunidade e da depreciação dos investimentos) e ganhos nos lucros sociais (ou seja, há eficiência econômica e vantagens comparativas). Por fim, concluiu-se que a cadeia produtiva com o elo de produção de médio nível tecnológico, intensiva em uso de insumos de produção, apresentou mais efeitos penalizadores de políticas tributárias do que aquelas com menores índices de adoção de insumos modernos, conforme valores das Razões dos Custos Privados (RCPs), que foram 0,72, 0,46 e 0,26, respectivamente, para as cadeias produtivas com médio, baixo e alto nível tecnológico no elo de produção de matéria-prima.This paper aimed at analyzing competitiveness of three whole milk powder production chains in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) with three different technological levels (low, medium and high) of raw material production using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology, developed by Monke and Pearson (1989). The results showed that all of the production chains studied generated earnings in the form of both private profits (i.e. the remuneration of the agents is higher than the opportunity costs and investment depreciation) and social profits (i.e. there are economic effectiveness and comparative advantages). The production chain with the medium technological production level, in which the use of production inputs was intensive, suffered more penalizing effects of taxation policies than the chains showing lower indices of modern input adoption, according to the values of Private Cost Ratios (PCRs), which were the following: 0.72, 0.46, and 0.26, for medium, low and high technological raw material production levels, respectively

Análise da Competitividade da Cadeia Produtiva do Leite em Pó Integral

This paper aimed at analyzing competitiveness of three whole milk powder production chains in Rio Grande do Sul (Brazil) with three different technological levels (low, medium and high) of raw material production using Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM) methodology, developed by Monke and Pearson (1989). The results showed that all of the production chains studied generated earnings in the form of both private profits (i.e. the remuneration of the agents is higher than the opportunity costs and investment depreciation) and social profits (i.e. there are economic effectiveness and comparative advantages). The production chain with the medium technological production level, in which the use of production inputs was intensive, suffered more penalizing effects of taxation policies than the chains showing lower indices of modern input adoption, according to the values of Private Cost Ratios (PCRs), which were the following: 0.72, 0.46, and 0.26, for medium, low and high technological raw material production levels, respectively