Entwicklung der Vorwinter-Nmin-Gehalte in Abhängigkeit von Bodeneigenschaften und Bewirtschaftung

Seit dem Jahr 2011 betreut das Ingenieurbüro für Ökologie und Landwirtschaft (IfÖL) aus Kassel verschiedene Maßnahmenräume zur Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) in Hessen. Im Rahmen der landwirtschaftlichen Gewässerschutzberatung wurden jährlich bis zu 600 Bodenproben vor Beginn der Sickerwasserperiode auf mineralischen Stickstoff (Vorwinter-Nmin-Gehalte) untersucht. Der LAWA-Zielwert aus Sicht des Gewässerschutzes von 40-50 kg N/ha (0-90 cm Bodentiefe) wird auf über 53 % Flächen überschritten. Die statistische Auswertung der Vorwinter-Nmin-Gehalte seit 2012 (> 2000 Datensätze) in den unterschiedlichen Regionen zeigt, dass die Bodenart und Bodenqualität nur einen untergeordneten Einfluss auf die Höhe der Vorwinter-Nmin-Gehalte hat. Neben der Anbaukultur sind die Bewirtschaftung und das herbstliche Flächenmanagement die entscheidenden Einflussfaktoren. Die Auswertungen zeigen, dass sich unabhängig von der Bodenqualität, dem Maßnahmenraum und der Anbaukultur der Einfluss einzelner Bewirtschafter signifikant in den Vorwinter-Nmin-Gehalten widerspiegelt

Praxisversuche zum Gemengeanbau von Mais und Stangenbohne im Rahmen der WRRL-Gewässerschutzberatung

Der gemeinsame Anbau von Silomais und Stangenbohnen ist in Deutschland noch in der Versuchsphase. Vorteile werden insbesondere in einem schnelleren Reihenschluss gegenüber dem reinen Maisbestand gesehen, der zu einer verbessertem Unkrautunterdrückung sowie einem effektiveren Erosionsschutz beitragen kann. Zudem besitzen beide Gemengepartner sehr unterschiedliche Wurzelsysteme, sodass Wasser und Nährstoffe effizienter genutzt werden können. Im Rahmen der Umsetzung der Wasserrahmenrichtlinie (WRRL) legten einige Betriebe im Landkreis Limburg-Weilburg im Jahr 2016 Demonstrationsflächen zum Mais-Bohne-Gemengeanbau an um verschiedene Saatverfahren, Aussaatzeitpunkte und Düngevarianten auszutesten. Im Jahr 2016 lieferten die Versuchsvarianten mit Gemengeanbau sehr hohe TM-Erträge bei einem sehr hohen Bohnenanteil. Die Eiweißgehalte lagen jedoch kaum höher als in reiner Maissilage. Die Ergebnisse 2017 stehen noch aus. Insgesamt ist das Verfahren pflanzenbaulich gut durchführbar, aufgrund des bisher noch sehr teuren Stangenbohnensaatguts aber aus betriebswirtschaftlicher Sicht (noch) uninteressant

Optimierungsansätze zur Verbesserung von Nachhaltigkeit, Ressourceneffizienz und Tierwohl in ökologischen und konventionellen Betrieben im Netzwerk Pilotbetriebe

In a network of organic and conventional pilot farms with dairy and/or arable production in Germany (www.pilotbetriebe.de) aspects of sustainability, resource efficiency, animal health and welfare and economic aspects are analysed. This is based on on-farm assessments and on whole farm modelling. In the first interdisciplinary workshops on the project farms results were presented and scenarios were developed in a participatory approach by scientists, consultants and farmers to improve N, P and land use efficiency as well as dairy health and welfare. Typical areas of action to optimize sustainability in these aspects were identified on the farms, e.g., complete accounting of manure N (N balance), enrichment of crop rotations with clover grass and cover crops (humus balance), improving forage quality (productivity, nutritional imbalances), improvement of housing conditions and grazing access (animal health and welfare). Systematic integration and detection of interconnectedness of environmental performance of production, animal welfare, resource efficiency and productivity result in a new quality in development of farm concepts

Practicing physiotherapy in Danish private practice: an ethical perspective.

Despite an increasingly growth of professional guidelines, textbooks and research about ethics in health care, awareness about ethics in Danish physiotherapy private practice seen vague. This article explores how physiotherapists in Danish private practice, from an ethical perspective, perceive to practice physiotherapy. The empirical data consists of interviews with twenty-one physiotherapists. The interviews are analysed from a hermeneutic approach, inspired by Ricoeur's textual interpretation of distanciation. The analysis follows three phases: naïve reading, structural analysis and comprehensive analysis. Four main themes are constructed: Beneficence as the driving force; Disciplining the patient through the course of physiotherapy; Balancing between being a trustworthy professional and a businessperson; The dream of a code of practice. Private practice physiotherapy is embedded in a structural frame directed by both political and economical conditions that shape the conditions for practicing physiotherapy. It means that beneficence in practice is a balance between the patient, the physiotherapists themselves and the business. Beneficence towards the patient is expressed as an implicit demand. Physiotherapeutic practice is expressed as being an integration of professionalism and personality which implies that the physiotherapists also have to benefit themselves. Private practice seems to be driven by a paternalistic approach towards the patient, where disciplining the patient is a crucial element of practice, in order to optimise profit. Physiotherapists wish for a more beneficent practice in the future by aiming at bridging 'to be' and 'ought to be'

Communication in cancer genetic counselling: does it reflect counselees' previsit needs and preferences?

This study sought to describe counsellor–counselee interaction during initial cancer genetic counselling consultations and to examine whether the communication reflects counselees' previsit needs. A total of 130 consecutive counselees, referred mainly for breast or colon cancer, completed a questionnaire before their first appointment at a genetic clinic. Their visit was videotaped. Counselee and counsellor verbal communications were analysed and initiative to discuss 11 genetics-specific conversational topics was assessed. The content of the visit appeared relatively standard. Overall, counselees had a stronger psychosocial focus than counsellors. Counsellors directed the communication more and initiated the discussion of most of the topics assessed. Counselees did not appear to communicate readily in a manner that reflected their previsit needs. Counsellors provided more psychosocial information to counselees in higher need for emotional support, yet did not enquire more about counselees' specific concerns. New counselees may be helped by receiving more information on the counselling procedure prior to their visit, and may be advised to prepare the visit more thoroughly so as to help them verbalise more their queries during the visit

Davidson on Self‐Knowledge: A Transcendental Explanation

Davidson has attempted to offer his own solution to the problem of self-knowledge, but there has been no consensus between his commentators on what this solution is. Many have claimed that Davidson’s account stems from his remarks on disquotational specifications of self-ascriptions of meaning and mental content, the account which I will call the “Disquotational Explanation”. It has also been claimed that Davidson’s account rather rests on his version of content externalism, which I will call the “Externalist Explanation”. I will argue that not only are these explanations of self-knowledge implausible, but Davidson himself has already rejected them. Thus, neither can be attributed to Davidson as his suggested account of self-knowledge. I will then introduce and support what I take to be Davidson’s official and independent account of self-knowledge, that is, his “Transcendental Explanation”. I will defend this view against certain potential objections and finally against the objections made by William Child

Einfluss langjaehrig unterschiedlicher Bodenbearbeitungssysteme auf das Bodengefuege, die Wasserinfiltration und die Stoffverlagerung eines Loess- und eines Sandbodens

Soil structure, water infiltration and displacement of bromide have been determined in loess and sandy soils in order to study the effect of soil tillage. The omission of soil tillages, especially in the case of loess soils, leads to the formation of a more dense soil structure with decreased water permeability. At the same time a greater number of biopores are formed, which increase the portion of macropore flow in the water infiltration during strong rainfalls. The preferential flow along macropores enhances transportation and leaching of groundwater contaminating substances only if these substances are dissolved in the rain water or are placed in an easy soluble form at the soil surface. Water soluble matters (e.g. fertilizers) within the soil matrix are not leached by the bypass-flow along the macropores and remain thus longer accessible for plant roots. (WEN)Available from TIB Hannover: RR 632(12) / FIZ - Fachinformationszzentrum Karlsruhe / TIB - Technische InformationsbibliothekSIGLEBundesministerium fuer Forschung und Technologie (BMFT), Bonn (Germany)DEGerman

Effects of brief yoga exercises and motivational preparatory interventions in distance runners: results of a controlled trial

Objective: To examine the efficacy of two preparatory interventions on one mile run performance in 90 high school long distance runners. Method: After participants had completed a one mile baseline run, they were randomly assigned to participate in either one of two interventions (brief yoga exercises, motivational shouting exercises) or a no intervention control condition. Experimental conditions were implemented one week after the baseline run about 20 minutes before a second one mile trial. Results: Participants assigned to the motivational intervention improved their running performance significantly more than those assigned to the other two conditions. Although the magnitude of the effect was small, participants assigned to yoga exercises showed significant improvements in running performance relative to control condition participants. Consumer satisfaction ratings indicated that participants who were assigned to the motivational and yoga exercise groups liked their interventions more than those assigned to the control group. Conclusion: Motivational and yoga interventions designed to improve long distance running performance were equally acceptable to the participants, but the former had a greater effect