The type of immune adaptation in preschool children of 2 health group

The aim is estimation of immune reactions of adaptation in preschool children of 2 health group. 70 preschool children of 2 health group were assessed using traditional clinical methods and immunological tests. The examination allowed us to classify the patients for 5 subgroups. We named these as 1 (immunological balance, 2)immunoglobulinemia E, 3)high blood level of neutrophiles, 4)high blood level of lymphocytes, 5)low blood level of lymphocytes. The type of immune reactions of adaptation in children was tolerant for all subgroups.Целью работы явилась оценка типа иммунных адаптационно-приспособительных реакций у организованных детей 2 группы здоровья дошкольного возраста. Согласно результатам клинико-иммунологического исследования 70 детей, имевших функциональные отклонениями в состоянии здоровья, было выявлено 5 подгрупп среди пациентов 2 группы здоровья: 1) иммунологического равновесия, 2) иммуноглобулинемии Е, 3) нейтрофилеза, 4) лимфоцитоза, 5) лимфопении. Все выявленные подгруппы характеризовались толерантным типом адаптации иммунных реакций

Immune response in new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children and adults

The aim of this work is to evaluate and compare immune response parameters in new coronavirus infection COVID-19 in children and adultsЦель работы — оценить и сравнить показатели иммунного ответа при новой коронавирусной инфекции COVID-19 у детей и взрослы

Current etiological structure of bacteremia at the intensive care units of Yekaterinburg

In this report we present the results of bacteriological analysis of blood samples taken from patients at the intensive care units of Yekaterinburg city hospitals in 2006 - 2010. Studies were done in “BACTEC” (Beckton Dickinson) and “Walk/Away'1 (Siemens Healthcare) bacteriological automated systems. Highly resistant to antibiotics nosocomial strains of S. aureus (50.44%), Enterococcus spp. (19.77%), coagulase negative Staphilococcus spp. (9.25%), K. pneumoniae (7.98%), A baumannii (7.22%), E.coli (4.69%), P. Aerugionosa (3.8%) were isolated from adult patients with sepsis. Vancomycin and Unezolid remain highly active against Staphilococcus spp. and Enterococcus spp. (100% of strains were sensitive). Carbapenems are still actual for the therapy of septic conditions caused by representatives of Enterobacteriaceae family (more than 99% of strains were sensitive). Isolates of P. aeruginosa and A. baumannii arise certain difficulties for the adequate choice of drugs because their sensitivity to antibiotics needs to be determined.В работе представлены результаты микробиологического исследования крови 4133 пациентов ОРИТ стационаров г. Екатеринбурга за 2006-201 Ог.г. Работа выполнена с использованием микробиологических анализаторов Bactec (Becton Dickinson, США) и Walk Away (Siemens,USA). Среди возбудителей сепсиса у взрослых пациентов преобладают штаммы высокорезистентной госпитальной флоры S. aureus (50,44%), Enterococcus spp. (19,77%), коагулазоотрицательные стафилококки (9,25%), К. pneumoniae (7,98%), A. baumannii (7,22%), E.coli (4,69%), P. aeruginosa (3,8%). Ванкомицин и линезолид сохраняют высокую антибактериальную активность в отношении стафилококков и энтерококков (100% чувствительных штаммов). Карбапенемы продолжают оставаться препаратами выбора при терапии сепсиса, вызванного энтеробактериями (более 99% чувствительных штаммов). Наибольшую сложность для клинициста представляют случаи выделения P. aeruginosa, A. baumannii, при которых для подбора адекватной терапии требуется определение антибиотикочувствительности

Uptake of some metallic nanoparticles by, and their impact on pulmonary macrophages in vivo as viewed by optical, atomic force, and transmission electron microscopy

Optical microscopy (OM), semi-contact atomic force microscopy (sc-AFM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were applied to examine cells in the broncho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) obtained from rats 24 hours after instillation of different metallic particles suspended in deionised water or of water without any particles. In a comparative experiment with iron oxide Fe3O4 (magnetite) particles having a mean diameter of 10 nm, 50 nm or 1 μm, it was demonstrated that, given equal mass doses, nanoparticles (NPs) induce much more intensive recruitment of phagocytes with a much more significant shift toward neutrophil leukocytes (NL) count in the BALF cell population than micrometric particles do, this shift being an indirect but informative index of particle cytotoxicity for alveolar macrophages (AM). Judging by NL/AM ratio, this cytotoxicity diminishes in the sequence: 10 nm > 50 nm> 1 μm, while judging by OM counts of visible aggregated particles within AMs and NLs and by sc-AFM count of micro-invaginations on the surfaces of these cells, their avidity for particles decreases in the same succession. The same dependence of cell recruitment and of phagocytic activity on NP cytotoxicity was found when the NP diameters were quite similar (ca. 3.5-4.0 nm) but the cytotoxicity of one metal (in our experiment, nanosilver) was higher than that of another (nanogold). TEM pictures of AMs from rats administered the 10 nm magnetite testify to the ability of AMs to actively engulf single NPs and their small aggregates which then form larger conglomerates within fused phagosomes. Some of these large phagosomes lost their membrane, and so freed NPs came into close contact with the nuclear membrane and with mitochondrial membranes and cristae causing their marked damage.& copy 2012 Katsnelson BA, et al