On the correction of anomalous phase oscillation in entanglement witnesses using quantum neural networks

Entanglement of a quantum system depends upon relative phase in complicated ways, which no single measurement can reflect. Because of this, entanglement witnesses are necessarily limited in applicability and/or utility. We propose here a solution to the problem using quantum neural networks. A quantum system contains the information of its entanglement; thus, if we are clever, we can extract that information efficiently. As proof of concept, we show how this can be done for the case of pure states of a two-qubit system, using an entanglement indicator corrected for the anomalous phase oscillation. Both the entanglement indicator and the phase correction are calculated by the quantum system itself acting as a neural network

How do intrahousehold dynamics change when assets are transferred to women? Evidence from BRAC’s challenging the frontiers of poverty reduction—targeting the ultra poor program in Bangladesh

Growing evidence shows that the distribution of individuals' ownership and control of assets within a household can have important implications for women’s empowerment and children’s well-being. Interventions that target assets to specific individuals can shift these intrahousehold dynamics, yet little evidence exists from rigorous evaluations. We study BRAC’s Challenging the Frontiers of Poverty Reduction—Targeting the Ultra Poor (CFPR-TUP) program in Bangladesh, which targets asset transfer (primarily livestock) and training to rural women in poor households. Previous research has shown large, significant positive program impacts at the household level. In this paper, we examine intrahousehold impacts using mixed methods. We focus on the Specially Targeted Ultra-Poor(STUP) component of the program, which targets households selected following a randomized controlled trial design. Adding a new round of data collection with quantitative sex-disaggregated information and qualitative exploration, we exploit the randomized design to assess intrahousehold impacts of STUP. Our analysis confirms that the program significantly increases household ownership of various assets but has complex effects on the targeted women. Quantitative estimates show increases in women’s sole and joint ownership of or control over transferred assets such as livestock, but a much greater increase in men’s sole ownership over nearly all other assets (including agricultural and nonagricultural productive assets, land, and consumer durables). These findings suggest that while the transferred assets tend to remain with women, new investments from mobilized resources are controlled by men. Moreover, the program reduces women’s mobility outside the home and their control over income, consistent with the transferred asset’s requiring maintenance at home. Qualitative findings are consistent with these quantitative results , but women’s contribution to their households is perceived as increasing their confidence and social capital, which they themselves value. Therefore, while provision of assets and training to women has ambiguous effects on women’s empowerment in terms of tangible assets and decisionmaking, women take intangibles into account and largely perceive positive (though still mixed) effects. The analysis shows that asset transfer targeted to women can increase women’s ownership of and control over the transferred asset itself but may not necessarily increase women’s intrahousehold bargaining position. Moreover, it reveals that outcomes valued by individuals may not always be tangible, highlighting the complexity of assessing whether interventions improve women’s empowerment

Market Impacts of Technological Change for Sorghum in Indian Near-Subsistence Agriculture

Evaluating market impacts of technological change for near-subsistence crops like sorghum in semiarid tropical India is complicated because of diversified agriculture, geographically isolated markets, and therefore feedbacks through prices, and producer-demander income links for such products. Dynamic simulations with a multicommodity market model suggest that increased sorghum productivity would have spillover effects on other markets, increase the welfare of sorghum consumers, and probably lower the sorghum price. Contrary to speculations of some experts, the output gain probably would be greater than the pure productivity effect despite the price decline because of induced input allocations favoring sorghum production

SAT crop markets, scenario analysis of impacts of changes in technology, fertilizer prices, highways, labor markets, consumption expenditure, rainfall, price policy

A major purpose of ICRISAT is to develop new technologies and procedures which will increase the productivity of the five mandate SAT crops (sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpeas, chickpeas and groundnuts) under a variety of environmental conditions..

Scenario Analysis of Impacts of Changes in Technology, Fertilizer Prices, Highways, Labor Markets, Consumption Expenditure, Rainfall and Price Policy for Semi-Arid Tropical Crop Markets

A major purpose of ICRISAT is to develop new technologies and procedures which will increase the productivity of the five mandate SAT crops (sorghum, pearl millet, pigeonpeas, chickpeas and groundnuts) under a variety of environmental conditions. But a productivity change for a particular crop may have important impacts not only on production of that crop, but also on its market price and on the income and therefore the expenditure of its producers..

What a difference a term makes:the effect of educational attainment on marital outcomes in the UK

Abstract In the past, students in England and Wales born within the first 5 monthsof the academic year could leave school one term earlier than those born later inthe year. Focusing on women, those who were required to stay on an extra termmore frequently hold some academic qualification. Using having been required tostay on as an exogenous factor affecting academic attainment, we find that holding alow-level academic qualification has no effect on the probability of being currentlymarried for women aged 25 or above, but increases the probability of the husbandholding some academic qualification and being economically active.33 Halama

Optimal Reachability for Weighted Timed Games

Weighted timed automata are timed automata annotated with costs on locations and transitions. The optimal game-reachability problem for these automata is to find the best-cost strategy of supplying the inputs so as to ensure reachability of a target set within a specified number of iterations. The only known complexity bound for this problem is a doubly-exponential upper bound. We establish a singly-exponential upper bound and show that there exist automata with exponentially many states in a single region with pair-wise distinct optimal strategies