Die 'neue Methode der offenen Koordinierung': Versuche der integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung einer neuen Form des sozialpolitischen Regierens in der Europäischen Union

Am Beispiel der Etablierung der 'neuen Methode der offenen Koordinierung' ('neue OMC') im Politikfeld 'Bekämpfung von Armut und sozialer Ausgrenzung' wird gezeigt, warum Scharpf in seiner integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung der OMC mittels seiner 'Typen der Europäisierung' einen Einschätzungswechsel von 2000 bis 2002 vorgenommen haben könnte. Des Weiteren wird geprüft, ob Scharpfs Typologie die neuen Formen des sozialpolitischen Regierens in der EU hinlänglich erfassen kann. Abschließend werden Forschungsperspektiven aufgezeigt, die zu einer präziseren, integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung der 'neuen OMC' beitragen könnten.The establishment of the 'new open method of co-ordination' ('new OMC') in the area of 'social inclusion' will be used as the empirical example, which can explain why Scharpf changed his judgment in relation to the classification of the OMC from 2000 to 2002. Thus, it will be stressed that Scharpfs 'modes of Europeanization' cannot cover the new modes of governance in the social realm of the EU. Accordingly, research perspectives will be elaborated which may lead towards a more precise classification of the 'new OMC' in terms of the perspective of European integration theories

Die 'neue Methode der offenen Koordinierung': Versuche der integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung einer neuen Form des sozialpolitischen Regierens in der Europäischen Union

Am Beispiel der Etablierung der 'neuen Methode der offenen Koordinierung' ('neue OMC') im Politikfeld 'Bekämpfung von Armut und sozialer Ausgrenzung' wird gezeigt, warum Scharpf in seiner integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung der OMC mittels seiner 'Typen der Europäisierung' einen Einschätzungswechsel von 2000 bis 2002 vorgenommen haben könnte. Des Weiteren wird geprüft, ob Scharpfs Typologie die neuen Formen des sozialpolitischen Regierens in der EU hinlänglich erfassen kann. Abschließend werden Forschungsperspektiven aufgezeigt, die zu einer präziseren, integrationstheoretischen Klassifizierung der 'neuen OMC' beitragen könnten. -- The establishment of the 'new open method of co-ordination' ('new OMC') in the area of 'social inclusion' will be used as the empirical example, which can explain why Scharpf changed his judgment in relation to the classification of the OMC from 2000 to 2002. Thus, it will be stressed that Scharpfs 'modes of Europeanization' cannot cover the new modes of governance in the social realm of the EU. Accordingly, research perspectives will be elaborated which may lead towards a more precise classification of the 'new OMC' in terms of the perspective of European integration theories.

Effect of variable stator area on performance of a single-stage turbine suitable for air cooling. 1 - Stator overall performance with 130-percent design area

Effect of variable stator geometry on performance of air cooling turbin

Cold-air investigation of a turbine for high temperature-engine application. 5: Two-stage turbine performance as affected by variable stator area

The stator areas of the design two-stage turbine were both decreased and increased by nominally 30 percent, and the performances of the two turbines are compared with that of the design stator area turbine. Turbine efficiency decreased with stator area changes. Closing the stator area resulted in the more severe efficiency loss. The decrease in efficiency for both turbines is attributable to rotor incidence, off-design blade-surface velocities, and adverse reaction changes across the blade rows

Cold-air investigation of a 4 1/2 stage turbine with stage-loading factor of 4.66 and high specific work output. 2: Stage group performance

The stage group performance of a 4 1/2 stage turbine with an average stage loading factor of 4.66 and high specific work output was determined in cold air at design equivalent speed. The four stage turbine configuration produced design equivalent work output with an efficiency of 0.856; a barely discernible difference from the 0.855 obtained for the complete 4 1/2 stage turbine in a previous investigation. The turbine was designed and the procedure embodied the following design features: (1) controlled vortex flow, (2) tailored radial work distribution, and (3) control of the location of the boundary-layer transition point on the airfoil suction surface. The efficiency forecast for the 4 1/2 stage turbine was 0.886, and the value predicted using a reference method was 0.862. The stage group performance results were used to determine the individual stage efficiencies for the condition at which design 4 1/2 stage work output was obtained. The efficiencies of stages one and four were about 0.020 lower than the predicted value, that of stage two was 0.014 lower, and that of stage three was about equal to the predicted value. Thus all the stages operated reasonably close to their expected performance levels, and the overall (4 1/2 stage) performance was not degraded by any particularly inefficient component

Research turbine for high-temperature core engine application. 2: Effect of rotor tip clearance on overall performance

A 25.4-cm (10-in) tip diameter turbine was tested to determine the effect of rotor radial tip clearance on turbine overall performance. The test turbine was a half-scale model of a 50.8-cm-(20-in.-) diameter research turbine designed for high-temperature core engine application. The test turbine was fabricated with solid vanes and blades with no provision for cooling air and tested at much reduced inlet conditions. The tests were run at design speed over a range of pressure ratios for three different rotor clearances ranging from 2.3 to 6.7 percent of the annular blade passage height. The results obtained are compared to the results obtained with three other turbines of varying amounts of reaction

Effect of a rotor wake on heat transfer from a circular cylinder

The effect of a rotor wake on heat transfer to a downstream stator was investigated. The rotor was modeled with a spoked wheel of 24 circular pins 1.59 mm in diameter. One of the stator pins was electrically heated in the midspan region and circumferentially averaged heat transfer coefficients were obtained. The experiment was run in an annular flow wind tunnel using air at ambient temperature and pressure. Reynolds numbers based on stator cylinder diameter ranged from .001 to .00001. Rotor blade passing frequencies ranged from zero to 2500 Hz. Stationary grids were used to vary the rotor inlet turbulence from one to four percent. The rotor-stator spacings were one and two stator pin diameters. In addition to the heat transfer coefficients, turbulence spectra and ensemble averaged wake profiles were measured. At the higher Reynolds numbers, which is the primary range of interest for turbulent heat transfer, the rotor wakes increased Nusselt number from 10 to 45 percent depending on conditions. At lower Reynolds numbers the effect was as much as a factor of two

Cold-air experimental investigation of a turbine with blade trailing edge coolant ejection. 1: Single-stage turbine

Tests were made on a 0.762-meter-tip-diameter research turbine to determine the effect of blade coolant flow on its aerodynamic performance. Both stator and rotor blades had trailing-edge slots for coolant ejection. The turbine was tested over a range of speed and pressure ratio. High primary efficiencies, calculated on the basis of primary air only, were obtained. The efficiency attained was identical to that reported for the turbine from a previous investigation were only slotted stator blades where incorporated in the turbine and tested. And it also compares with results for the turbine with solid blading. Independently varying the rotor coolant flow showed that rotor cooling imposed a severe penalty on turbine efficiency. The thermodynamic efficiency, which accounts for the ideal energies of both blade coolant flows, decreased linearly with rotor coolant at a rate of about 0.7 percent per percent rotor coolant fraction

Design and cold-air test of single-stage uncooled turbine with high work output

A solid version of a 50.8 cm single stage core turbine designed for high temperature was tested in cold air over a range of speed and pressure ratio. Design equivalent specific work was 76.84 J/g at an engine turbine tip speed of 579.1 m/sec. At design speed and pressure ratio, the total efficiency of the turbine was 88.6 percent, which is 0.6 point lower than the design value of 89.2 percent. The corresponding mass flow was 4.0 percent greater than design

Cold air investigation of 4 1/2-stage turbine with stage loading factor of 4.66 and high specific work output. 1: Overall performance

The turbine developed design specific work output at design speed at a total pressure ratio of 6.745 with a corresponding efficiency of 0.855. The efficiency (0.855)was 3.1 points lower than the estimated efficiency quoted by the contractor in the design report and 0.7 of a point lower than that determined by a reference prediction method. The performance of the turbine, which was a forced vortex design, agreed with the performance determined by the prediction method to about the same extent as did the performance of three reference high stage loading factor turbines, which were free vortex designs