Fourth Human Parechovirus Serotype

We identified a novel human parechovirus (HPeV) type (K251176-02) from a neonate with fever. Analysis of the complete genome showed K251176-02 to be a new HPeV genotype. Since K251176-02 could not be neutralized with antibodies against known HPeV serotypes 1–3, it should be classified as a fourth HPeV serotype

A comparison of two assays for quantification of Hepatitis B surface Antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B

AbstractBackground and objectivesSerum Hepatitis B surface Antigen (HBsAg) levels correlate with hepatitis B virus intrahepatic covalently closed circular DNA and may predict response to treatment. Currently, 2 commercial platforms are available for HBsAg quantification in clinical practice, the Architect HBsAg QT and the Elecsys HBsAg. We aimed to directly compare the results of these assays.Study designHBsAg levels were measured in 1427 serum samples from HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients who participated in a randomized trial of peginterferon alfa-2b±lamivudine. Samples were extracted from our serum bank, thawed, and subsequently analysed for HBsAg levels using both assays.ResultsOf 1427 samples, 242 (17%) were taken before and 1185 during the treatment phase of the study. Distribution of HBV genotypes was 447 (31%) genotype A, 125 (9%) B, 210 (15%) C and 534 (37%) D. Correlation between Architect and Elecsys results was high (r=0.96, p<0.001). By Bland–Altman analysis, agreement between the two assays was close (mean difference between Architect and Elecsys: −0.01logIU/mL, 95% CI: −0.55–0.52logIU/mL), also when analysed separately for HBV genotypes A–D. Additionally, the performance of our recently published stopping rule for HBeAg-positive patients treated with peginterferon was comparable: the negative predictive values were 96% and 98% for Elecsys and Architect, respectively.ConclusionsThere is a high correlation and close agreement between quantitative HBsAg measurements conducted with the Architect and the Elecsys. Clinical prediction rules derived from data from one platform can be applied on the other; both can therefore be used in clinical practice

Imported scrub typhus in the Netherlands

Two cases of travel-acquired scrub typhus imported in the Netherlands are described. The characteristic eschar was absent in both cases. One case acquired scrub typhus in non-rural surroundings in India, highlighting that scrub typhus must also be considered a (sub) urban zoonosis. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved