CONDITIONS FOR SCIENTIFIC COMMUNICATIONS AND COLLABORATIONS IN THE RUSSIAN FEDERATION’S REGIONS

The subject of research within the framework of this article is the current state of the Russian Federation’s regions in terms of the created conditions for cooperation between research teams and the commercialization of scientists’ results of intellectual activity. The paper’s goal is to identify the potential and results of the regional environment, which promotes effective scientific activity in the field of communications and collaborations between researchers and practical application of scientific results in the field of economy and social sphere, on the basis of indicators system. The authors made an analysis of the estimated indicators, as well as the calculation of the integral index characterizing the conditions of the regional environment that are under study. The method chosen in the work includes the separation of the indicators selected for analysis into indicators of potential and result, as well as the standard calculation of the integral indicator by the distance method. Relative indicators were used in calculating the integral indicator to ensure comparability of data from different regions. Among the estimated indicators in the study are the number of created clusters; technology parks; innovative activity of organizations; the number of created small innovative enterprises; number of winners of the program of megagrants; competition for the development of cooperation of Russian universities, scientific institutions and manufacturing enterprises; indicator of the number of potentially commercialized patents. The obtained integral characteristics make it possible to draw conclusions about the complex state of conditions in regions that promoting scientific activity, to identify the leading regions that can become benchmarks. Separate regional initiatives are highlighted in the work. The resulting conclusions can form the basis for the development of a regional environment that promotes scientific activity, based on the development of measures to introduce the best initiatives of the leading regions into practice

Geomagnetic variations in the frequency range 2.5–12 Hz in the ionospheric F layer as measured by SWARM satellites

We have analyzed geomagnetic variations in the 2.5–12 Hz frequency range in the ionospheric F layer above the electron density maximum, using data from two SWARM satellites. The analysis is based on the data obtained under weak and moderate magnetic activity for 12 days in September and December 2016. To separate spatial inhomogeneities from time variations of the magnetic field, we analyzed signal waveforms and cross-spectra in a 2.56 s sliding window. A maximum in the occurrence and power spectral density of the variations was found at latitudes above the polar boundary of the auroral oval, which correspond to the magnetospheric input layers and dayside polar cusp/cleft. Typical waveforms of the high-latitude variations are the wave packets lasting for 5–10 periods, recorded with a short time delay by two satellites spaced by 40–100 km. These variations might be the ionospheric manifestation of the electromagnetic ion-cyclotron waves generated at the non-equatorial magnetosphere near the polar cusp. The waveforms and cross-spectra of the variations are examined in more details for two cases with different spatial distributions of the magnetic field in the ionosphere. For the ionospheric conditions corresponding to event 1 (September 17, 80° geomagnetic latitude, afternoon sector), spatial distributions of wave magnetic field in the ionosphere and on Earth are estimated using a model of Alfvén beam with a finite radius incident on the ionosphere [Fedorov et al., 2018]

КЕРАМИЧЕСКИЕ НАНОПОКРЫТИЯ НА СФЕРИЧЕСКИХ ПОРОШКАХ: АЛЬТЕРНАТИВНЫЙ СПОСОБ ПОЛУЧЕНИЯ ПОРИСТЫХ ПОРОШКОВЫХ МАТЕРИАЛОВ

A technology has been developed to obtain porous powder materials on the basis of spherecal powder particles of 12Х18Н10T сorrosion-resistant steel by technological coating deposition on them –condensate from layered and composite Si and (Si + C) or Si and (Mo + Si) nano-layers. Their deformation at points of spherical particles contact creates press forming conditions with sufficient strength rate at pressure below yield point of steel powder (below 200 MPa). The subsequent sintering occurring  with an exothermic reaction in the coating ensures particle sintering in their local heating within 1100–1200 °С temperature range.Разработана технология получения пористых порошковых материалов на основе сферических частиц порошка коррозионностойкой стали 12Х18Н10Т путем нанесения на них технологических покрытий – конденсата из слоистых и композиционных нанослоев Si и (Si + С) или Si и (Мо + Si), деформация которых в точках контакта сферических частиц при давлении ниже предела текучести порошка стали (ниже 200 МПа) создает условия формования прессовки с достаточным уровнем прочности, а последующее реакционное спекание, протекающее с экзотермической реакцией в покрытии, обеспечивает спекание частиц при локальном их разогреве в диапазоне температур 1100–1200 оС.

Comparative analysis of using natural and radiogenic lead as heat-transfer agent in fast reactors

Fast reactors with lead coolant have several advantages over analogues. Performance can be further improved by replacement of natural composition lead with radiogenic one. Thus, two main issues need to be addressed: induced radioactivity in coolant and efficient neutron multiplication factor in the core will be changed and need to be estimated. To address these issues analysis of the scheme of the nuclear transformations in the lead heat-transfer agent in the process of radiation was carried out. Induced radioactivity of radiogenic and natural lead has been studied. It is shown that replacement of lead affects multiplication factor in a certain way. Application of radiogenic lead can significantly affect reactor operation

CERAMIC NANO-COATINGS ON SPHERICAL POWDERS: ALTERNATIVE METHOD FOR OBTAINING POROUS POWDER MATERIALS

A technology has been developed to obtain porous powder materials on the basis of spherecal powder particles of 12Х18Н10T сorrosion-resistant steel by technological coating deposition on them –condensate from layered and composite Si and (Si + C) or Si and (Mo + Si) nano-layers. Their deformation at points of spherical particles contact creates press forming conditions with sufficient strength rate at pressure below yield point of steel powder (below 200 MPa). The subsequent sintering occurring  with an exothermic reaction in the coating ensures particle sintering in their local heating within 1100–1200 °С temperature range