Nutritivni kvalitet hraniva koja se koriste u ishrani mlečnih koza u Vojvodini

The study was to conduct to evaluate the chemical composition and nutritive values of feedstuffs (forages and concentrate mixtures) used for dairy goats nutrition in Vojvodina. Samples were collected from six farms, including one organic farm. The results showed that the relative feed values of analyzed forages were in the range of good, medium to lower quality. Average protein content from lowest to highest for investigated forages was: corn silage (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.57g kgˉ¹DM), alfalfa haylage (Medicago sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kgˉ¹DM), pasture (185.30g kgˉ¹ DM), and alfalfa hay (Medicago sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kgˉ¹DM). The non-fibre carbohydrates and protein content most varied in organic hay samples (cv: 29.25% and 19.09%, respectively). Generally, feedstuffs used in organic nutrition, including organic concentrate, were of lower nutritional quality and moreover contained higher amounts of crude fibre and lignin. Especially, a high source of variation was observed in investigated concentrate mixtures for the crude protein content (p lt 0.0001), ranged from 135.32 to 209.87g kgˉ¹DM. Corn silages also varied substantially in their chemical composition and significant difference (p lt 0.05) was observed in regard to acid detergent fibre (ADF) and lignin content (ranged: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg‾¹DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg‾¹DM, respectively). Furthermore, pasture contained the most soluble materials during May and June and their content was related inversely to crude fibre amount. This survey highlights that investigated farms still pay insufficient attention to the quality of the feedstuff. For the development of intensive goat farming, greater emphasis should be placed on using higher quality feedstuffs, as well, standards for feed quality must be considered and established.Istraživanje je bilo sprovedeno sa ciljem procene hemijskog sastava i nutritivne vrednosti kabastih hraniva i smeša koncentrata koja se koriste u ishrani mlečnih koza u Vojvodini. Ispitivano je ukupno šest farmi,uključujući i organsku farmu. Dobijeni rezultati su pokazali da se relativna hranibena vrednost analiziranih kabastih hraniva kretala od dobrog, srednjeg do slabijeg kvaliteta. Prosečan sadržaj proteina od najmanjih do najviših vrednosti se kretao u opsegu: kukuruzna silaža (Zea Mays) (65.37-82.50g kg‾¹DM), senaža lucerke (Medigao sativa L.) (159.99-184.17g kg‾¹DM), pašnjak (185.30g kg‾¹DM ) i seno lucerke (Medigao sativa L.) (167.48-203.60g kg‾¹DM). Sadržaj nestrukturnih ugljenih hidrata i proteina pokazao je najveće varijacije u uzorcima organskog sena (cv: 29.25% и 19.09%, pojedinačno). Generalno, hraniva koja su bila ispitivana na organskoj farmi, uključujući organske smeše koncentrata, su pokazale lošiji nutritivni kvalitet usled većeg sadržaja sirovih vlakana i lignina. Posebno su utvrdjene velike varijacije u ispitivanim smešama koncentrata u pogledu sadržaja proteina (p lt 0.0001), koji je bio rangiran od 135.32 do 209.87g kg‾¹DM. Kukuruzne silaže su takodje značajno varirale u njihovom hemijskom sastavu i signifikantna razlika (p lt 0.05) je utvrdjena u pogledu sadržaja kiselih deteržent vlakana (ADF) i lignina (u opsegu: ADF: 242.20-319.24g kg‾¹DM; ADL: 27.98-52.54g kg‾¹DM, pojedinačno). Osim toga, utvrdjeno je da je pašnjak posedovao najviše rastvorljivih materija tokom Maja i Juna meseca a njihov sadržaj je bio obrnuto povezan sa sadržajem sirovih vlakana. Ovo istraživanje je pokazalo da ispitivane farme još uvek ne posvećuju dovoljno pažnje kvalitetu hraniva. Za razvoj intenzivnog uzgoja koza, veći naglasak treba staviti na upotrebu kvalitetnijih hraniva i istovremeno standardi kvaliteta hrane moraju biti razmotreni i utvrđeni

Biodiverzitet i tradicionalni način ispaše ovaca u Južnobanatskom regionu

In this paper the capacity for reintroduction of traditional sheep breeds as key resources for biodiversity conservation systems in HNV farming system of the South Banat region was analyzed. Taking the vulnerability of the ecosystem into consideration when creating the optimal grazing system based on traditional rearing breeds, can contribute to the protection of biodiversity in the South Banat region. The representatives of Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae and Apiaceae family were described. Basic nutritive components of pasture and mixed hay: crude moisture, crude ash, crude protein, crude fat, crude cellulose, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), phosphorous (P), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn) and zinc (Zn) were measured. Botanical analysis has confirmed the presence of plant diversity, as well as the nutritive value of sheep pastures. Chemical analyses of samples pointed out that the levels of crude proteins, cellulose, fats, macro and trace elements are sufficient to satisfy the requirements of low input sheep farming system and therefore can be considered a solid base for reintroduction of autochthonous sheep breeds in the peripheral parts of the Deliblato Sands area.Imajući u vidu osetljivost ekosistema, primena izbalansirane ispaše, bazirana na gajenju autohtonih rasa ovaca mogla bi da doprinese očuvanju biodiverziteta. U ovom radu ispitivane su mogućnosti za reintrodukciju tradicionalnih rasa ovaca, kao ključnog resursa za zaštitu biodiverziteta u okviru poljoprivrednih sistema visoke prirodne vrednosti južnobanatskog regiona. U tom cilju ispitivan je botanički sastav i hranljiva vrednost paše i mešanog sena sa područja južnog Banata. Utvrđeno je prisustvo familija: Fabaceae, Poaceae, Lamiaceae, Rosaceae i Apiaceae. Određen je sadržaj osnovnih hranljivih materija u mešovitom senu i paši: vlaga, pepeo, proteini, mast i celuloza. Takođe je utvrđen sadržaj Ca, Mg, P, Cu, Fe, Mn i Zn. Utvrđeni nivo štetnih materija (mikotoksina i pesticida) bio je u propisanim granicama. Botanički sastav je pokazao visok stepen diverziteta kao i visoku hranljivu vrednost biljaka, koja može u potpunosti da zadovolji potrebe ovaca u ekstenzivnom načinu gajenja i predstavlja dobru osnovu za reintrodukciju autohtonih rasa ovaca na rubnim delovima Deliblatske peščare

Determination of weight loss and temperature of broiler carcasses during air cooling with intermittent water spraying: Case study

The aim of this study was to determine the broiler carcasses weight loss and temperature during air cooling with intermittent water spraying (3.1 m sec-1, -1.5°C, 120 min) in order to optimize the poultry chilling process. Weight and temperature of broiler carcasses were measured before and after cooling. Measurements were made once a week (during six weeks) on randomly selected broiler carcasses (eight carcasses per week) on the slaughterline. The most common broiler hybrids on the domestic market were used in the study (Ross-308, Cobb 500), of different ages (34 to 41 days old), which had been transported 70 to 260 km to the slaughterhouse. In broilers originating from flocks with higher average bird live body weight (2.2 to 2.4 kg), which were held longer (41 days), slight weight losses of carcasses occurred (0.32 to 0.76%) after cooling. On the other hand, broilers which were held 34-38 days with smaller average bird live weight (1.58 to 2.1 kg) produced slight increases in carcass weights after cooling (0 to 2.18%). Temperatures of the broiler carcasses before cooling ranged from 33.00 to 41.37°C and after cooling were from 1.58 to 5.46°C. The achieved temperature of broiler carcasses depended on carcass size, and was adequate (0 to 4°C) for broilers weighing less than 2.13 kg, but carcasses of larger birds did not meet temperature regulations. The transport length influenced weight loss of live broilers, but did not affect the weight loss of broiler carcasses after cooling. Also no differences were observed in accordance to the broiler hybrid type used (Ross-308, Cobb 500)

Upoređivanje dužine servis perioda i proizvodnje mleka u laktaciji između krava sa jednim teletom i krava sa blizancima

Introduction. Twin-calving occurs in 3 to 5 % of Holstein Friesian cattle, and it is mostly followed by reproductive and economic problems. This evaluation will compare the service period and the milk yield in cows with single and twin births at a Hungarian large-scale farm. Materials and Methods. The data were collected from 4223 cows between 2000 and 2010. In Cox's regression model (service period) and general linear model (milk production traits), the type of calving (single/twin), the construction code (referring to the Holstein Friesian blood proportion), the season and number of calvings were fixed effects, and furthermore, the year of calving was a covariate. Results and Conclusions. This analysis showed there was no significant difference in the length of service period between the two groups of cows. The total lactation milk yield produced a meaningful difference in performance: single-calving cows had greater milk yield (p=0.013), fat yield (p=0.030), and protein yield (p=0.028) than cows with twins. The milk yield was significantly greater in single than in twinning cows, even when single-calving cows had low milk production levels. This unexpected and contradictory result could be explained by the much longer period of open days in twinning cows, known from previous research Regarding milk yield, an involuntary decrease for cows after twin calving was confirmed.Uvod. Blizanački graviditet kod krava holštajnfrizijske rase se javlja u 3-5% slučajeva i uglavnom je praćen reproduktivnim poremećajima i ekonomskim gubicima. Ispitivanja u ovom radu se odnose na evaluaciju i upoređivanje servis perioda i prinosa mleka kod grupe krava sa jednim teletom i grupe krava sa blizancima, na komercijalnim farmama u Mađarskoj. Materijal i metode. Podaci su sakupljani u periodu od 2000 do 2010. godine od ukupno 4223 krava. U Coxovom regresionom modelu (za servis period) i generalnom linearnom modelu (osobine proizvodnje mleka) tip teljenja (jedno tele ili blizanci), kao i sezona i broj teljenja su bili fksni efekti, dok je godina teljenja bila kovarijat. Rezultati i zaključak. Analizom dužine servis perioda nije ustanovljena signifkantna razlika između ispitanih grupa krava. Količina ukupno proizvedenog mleka u laktaciji je pokazala značajne razlike između krava sa jednim teletom i dva teleta, u korist krava sa jednim teletom: prinos mleka (p=0.013), količina mlečne masti (p=0.030) i proteina (p=0.028). Neželjeni pad u prinosu mleka je zabeležen kod krava sa bližnjenjima. Mlečnost je bila značajno veća kod krava sa jednim teletom čak i u slučajevima kada su one imale relativno nisku mlečnost. Ovi oprečni rezultati bi se mogli objasniti činjenicom da su krave koje su se bliznile imale mnogo veći broj otvorenih dana, kao što je to opisano u brojnim predhodnim ispitivanjima

The quality of goat milk and hygiene management practices on farms in Vojvodina

The present work aimed to study the goat farms concerning different hygiene-sanitary and health management practice. Also, bulk tank milk of Alpine breed goats was used to investigate changes in the composition of milk during lactation on six farms in Vojvodina Region. The results showed that although 96.67% of farmers were familiar with mastitis, approximately 56.67% of farmers reported a lack of knowledge about subclinical mastitis and therefore not intensely monitoring udder health during the lactation period. Somatic cell count (SCC) and total bacteria count (TBC) were the most variable traits in our research and lactation average SCC between investigated farms showed a significant difference (P < 0.01) (a range from 1088×10³/ml to 3129×10³/ml). At the same time, TBC was found in a wider range, from 66×10³/ml to 3508×10³/ml. Further-more, SCC and TBC often did not meet the recommended quality level. Therefore, during the entire lactation period, 63% of the milk samples contained above 1.5 million SCC/ml and 37% of the samples were contained TBC above 1.5 million CFU/ ml. Results also confirmed considerable seasonal variations of goat milk composition and the milk fat was the component that most varied (cv: 33.16%). It was observed that organic in comparison to conventional milk chemical composition, was signifi-cantly different, especially in terms of protein content (P < 0.0001). In conclusion, goat dairy production could be of considerable importance in Vojvodina but dairy goat sector requires a more systemic approach, better hygiene milking conditions and implemented prevention and control programmes during the milking routine

Comparison of the Chemical Composition of Whey Cheeses: Urda and Ricotta

This study was conducted to evaluate the nutritional quality of two types of cheese prepared from bovine whey: Urda and Ricotta. Cheeses were examined for chemical parameters and their amino acids profile was determined. The results revealed that the chemical composition of the observed whey cheeses was highly significantly different (p lt 0.01) from each other. The amounts of dry matter, fat, protein, lactose, ash and salt were higher in Ricotta compared with Urda cheese samples. On the other hand, Urda contained more moisture, fat on a dry matter basis and moisture on a fat-free basis (79.59%, 27.50%, 84.27% versus 69.82%, 21.02%, 74.56%, respectively). Especially higher yield, salt in moisture content and energy values were observed in Ricotta cheese (5.93%, 3.12%, 145.99Kcal/100g versus 4.39%, 2.40%, 108.97Kcal/100g; Ricotta and Urda, respectively). Whey cheeses are a particularly good source of amino acids containing approximately-Ricotta: Leucine (1.60g/100g), lysine (1.17g/100g), phenylalanine (0.78g/100g) and followed by threonine (0.77g/100g), while Urda contained leucine (0.80g/100g), lysine (0.45g/100g), threonine (0.68g/100g) and phenylalanine (0.31g/100g). Both cheese varieties contained glutamic and aspartic acid as the predominant non-essential amino acids (Ricotta: 3.91g/100g and 1.68g/100g versus Urda: 1.65g/100g and 0.80g/100g, respectively). Generally, from a nutritional point of view, the investigated whey cheeses could be considered as cheeses with low salt and fat content, as well as cheeses particularly abundant in branched chain amino acids (leucine, isoleucine and valine). These results also emphasize their advantages as products that present a cost-effective way of dealing with whey as waste material

Hypodermosis in northern Serbia (Vojvodina)

This paper describes the first documented case of cattle grub (hypodermosis) in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). Subcutaneous warbles were determined in a six year old Simmental cow, at nine places along the spine. After the extirpation of larvae, based on the morphological characterisation, larvae of the third stage of Hypoderma bovis were diagnosed. The cow was administered therapeutic treatment, which had a favorable outcome, with no signs of recurrence. To the authors best knowledge, the case described in this paper is the first documented case of hypodermosis in cattle in Northern Serbia (Vojvodina). As the climate changed in the past few decades, it is important to pursue detailed investigations of the prevalence of this parasitic myiasis, as there are few such literature data for the Southern region of Serbia. One should also not ignore the fact that species of the genus Hypoderma can cause myiasis in humans as well

Comparison of the incidence of kidney damage in cattle, pigs, sheep and goats detected at slaughterhouses as an indicator of animal health

The incidence of kidney damage in livestock was monitored in the Czech slaughterhouses from 2010 to 2021. The results showed that the incidence of kidney damage was lower in all monitored species (P ˂ 0.05) in fattened animals compared to adult ones. In cattle and pigs, the incidence of kidney damage was lower (P ˂ 0.01) in fattened animals (bulls, finisher pigs) than in culled young (calves, piglets). When comparing individual categories of adult animals, the lowest incidence of kidney damage was found in does and ewes (2.68% and 3.01%, respectively), then in sows (28.45%), and the highest was in cows (40.46%). Among fattened animals, the incidence of findings in kidneys was increasing in the order of kids (0.21%), lambs (0.42%), bulls (10.46%) and finisher pigs (14.42%). Findings of chronic kidney damage were more frequent than findings of acute (P ˂ 0.01) and parasitic (P ˂ 0.01) origin in all observed categories of animals. The results show that, from the point of view of the incidence of kidney damage as a major consequence of imbalance between the organism’s metabolic needs and the nutrition provided to the animals, there are deficiencies of a significant level, which prove that there is still significant room for further optimization of the nutrition of individual categories of animals, that would take into account not only performance, overall clinical health, but also subclinical animal health, leading to a reduction in the incidence of kidney damage detected in animals at slaughte

Consumer attitudes towards goat milk and goat milk products in Vojvodina

This study presents the results of a survey conducted in the Province of Vojvodina, Serbia to investigate consumers’ attitudes towards goat milk and goat milk products. Furthermore, the factors affecting consumer perception and subjective norms with respect to purchase were examined. The quantitative random survey was conducted and the data were collected using a structured questionnaire. The findings from this study revealed significantly lower acceptance of goat milk and dairy products compared to bovine milk and dairy products. Of total 440 respondents, 24.2 % had never consumed goat milk with significant positive impact (p<0.05) of age on consumption was found. Among, respondents, mostly the young population (18-25 years) does not consume goat milk. The study identified the odour (42.3 %) and taste (22.5 %) as the main barriers for consuming goat milk. In regard to purchasing, more than half of interviewed respondents do not buy goat milk and dairy products (67 % and 70.5 %, respectively) while the rest respondents expressed very low purchasing frequency. Health benefits represent the most important reason for potential consuming goat milk and dairy products (66.5 %). On the other hand, the main motives for purchasing bovine milk and dairy products are taste and quality (55.5 %). In particular, the oldest surveyed population (40-55 years) seemed to be the most positive group toward goat milk and the most interested in the product’s nutritional value and its health impact. The main category of goat dairy products purchased among surveyed respondents was cheese. These findings suggest that for better positioning on the market and for producing price-competitive products goat milk and dairy products should be more clarified as either quality products or products with added value or as products with unique health benefits

Protein polymorphism as indicator of Influence of Diluvial ancestry on domesticated Mountain pony population in Serbia

Proceeding