Combining Multiple Earthquake Models in Real Time for Earthquake Early Warning

The ultimate goal of earthquake early warning (EEW) is to provide local shaking information to users before the strong shaking from an earthquake reaches their location. This is accomplished by operating one or more real‐time analyses that attempt to predict shaking intensity, often by estimating the earthquake’s location and magnitude and then predicting the ground motion from that point source. Other EEW algorithms use finite rupture models or may directly estimate ground motion without first solving for an earthquake source. EEW performance could be improved if the information from these diverse and independent prediction models could be combined into one unified, ground‐motion prediction. In this article, we set the forecast shaking at each location as the common ground to combine all these predictions and introduce a Bayesian approach to creating better ground‐motion predictions. We also describe how this methodology could be used to build a new generation of EEW systems that provide optimal decisions customized for each user based on the user’s individual false‐alarm tolerance and the time necessary for that user to react

Enantioselective Total Synthesis of (+)-Psiguadial B

The first enantioselective total synthesis of the cytotoxic natural product (+)-psiguadial B is reported. Key features of the synthesis include (1) the enantioselective preparation of a key cyclobutane intermediate by a tandem Wolff rearrangement/asymmetric ketene addition, (2) a directed C(sp^3)–H alkenylation reaction to strategically forge the C1–C2 bond, and (3) a ring-closing metathesis to build the bridging bicyclo[4.3.1]decane terpene framework

A modular approach to prepare enantioenriched cyclobutanes: synthesis of (+)-rumphellaone A

A modular synthesis of enantioenriched polyfunctionalized cyclobutanes was developed that features an 8-aminoquinolinamide directed C–H arylation reaction. The C–H arylation products were derivatized through subsequent decarboxylative coupling processes. This synthetic strategy enabled a 9-step enantioselective total synthesis of the antiproliferative meroterpenoid (+)-rumphellaone A

Intraosseous Synovial Sarcoma of the Proximal Tibia

Synovial Sarcoma is a malignant mesenchymal tumor that comprises 5–10% of all soft tissue sarcomas. The mean age of onset is thirty years old. Intraosseous presentation is very rare and has only been documented a few times. We report herein a case of a 53-year-old man with synovial sarcoma arising in the left proximal tibia. The patient underwent a wide surgical resection and reconstruction, followed by adjuvant chemotherapy. Three years later, the patient developed a local recurrence that resulted in an above-the-knee amputation. Eight months later, the patient has completed chemotherapy and is without signs of recurrence. The current recommended treatment for synovial sarcoma is wide surgical resection followed by chemotherapy as well as long-term followup. Despite improved surgical techniques, long-term survival rates remain low

A new way to estimate disease prevalence from random partial-mouth samples

Standard partial-mouth estimators of chronic periodontitis that define an individual’s disease status solely in terms of selected sites underestimate prevalence. This study proposes an improved prevalence estimator based on randomly sampled sites and evaluates its accuracy in a well characterized population cohort

"Ordinary, the same as anywhere else": notes on the management of spoiled identity in 'marginal' middle class neighbourhoods

Urban sociologists are becoming increasingly interested in neighbourhood as a source of middle-class identity. Particular emphasis is currently being given to two types of middle-class neighbourhood; gentrified urban neighbourhoods of ‘distinction’ and inconspicuous ‘suburban landscapes of privilege’. However, there has been a dearth of work on ‘marginal’ middle-class neighbourhoods that are similarly ‘inconspicuous’ rather than distinctive, but less exclusive, thus containing sources of ‘spoiled identity’. This article draws on data gathered from two ‘marginal’ middleclass neighbourhoods that contained a particular source of ‘spoiled identity’: social renters. Urban sociological analyses of neighbour responses to these situations highlight a process of dis-identification with the maligned object, which exacerbates neighbour differences. Our analysis of data from the ‘marginal’ middle-class neighbourhoods suggests something entirely different and Goffmanesque. This entailed the management of spoiled identity, which emphasized similarities rather than differences between neighbours.</p

Multiple generation distinct toxicant exposures induce epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of enhanced pathology and obesity

Three successive multiple generations of rats were exposed to different toxicants and then bred to the transgenerational F5 generation to assess the impacts of multiple generation different exposures. The current study examines the actions of the agricultural fungicide vinclozolin on the F0 generation, followed by jet fuel hydrocarbon mixture exposure of the F1 generation, and then pesticide dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane on the F2 generation gestating females. The subsequent F3 and F4 generations and F5 transgenerational generation were obtained and F1-F5 generations examined for male sperm epigenetic alterations and pathology in males and females. Significant impacts on the male sperm differential DNA methylation regions were observed. The F3-F5 generations were similar in ∼50% of the DNA methylation regions. The pathology of each generation was assessed in the testis, ovary, kidney, and prostate, as well as the presence of obesity and tumors. The pathology used a newly developed Deep Learning, artificial intelligence-based histopathology analysis. Observations demonstrated compounded disease impacts in obesity and metabolic parameters, but other pathologies plateaued with smaller increases at the F5 transgenerational generation. Observations demonstrate that multiple generational exposures, which occur in human populations, appear to increase epigenetic impacts and disease susceptibility

Validity of energy expenditure estimation methods during 10 days of military training

Wearable physical activity (PA) monitors have improved the ability to estimate free-living total energy expenditure (TEE) but their application during arduous military training alongside more well-established research methods has not been widely documented. This study aimed to assess the validity of two wrist-worn activity monitors and a PA log against doubly-labelled water (DLW) during British Army Officer Cadet (OC) training. For 10 days of training, twenty (10 male and 10 female) OCs (mean ± SD: age 23 ± 2 years, height 1.74 ± 0.09 m, body mass 77.0 ± 9.3 kg) wore one research-grade accelerometer (GENEActiv, Cambridge, UK) on the dominant wrist, wore one commercially-available monitor (Fitbit SURGE, USA) on the non-dominant wrist and completed a self-report PA log. Immediately prior to this 10-day period, participants consumed a bolus of DLW and provided daily urine samples, which were analysed by mass spectrometry to determine TEE. Bivariate correlations and limits of agreement (LoA) were employed to compare TEE from each estimation method to DLW. Average daily TEE from DLW was 4112 ± 652 kcal·day against which the GENEActiv showed near identical average TEE (mean bias ± LoA: -15 ± 851 kcal day ) while Fitbit tended to underestimate (-656 ± 683 kcal·day ) and the PA log substantially overestimate (+1946 ± 1637 kcal·day ). Wearable physical activity monitors provide a cheaper and more practical method for estimating free-living TEE than DLW in military settings. The GENEActiv accelerometer demonstrated good validity for assessing daily TEE and would appear suitable for use in large-scale, longitudinal military studies