Morpho-physiological traits of CaMV- and TuMV-infected plants grown under Well-Watered (WW) or Water Deficit (WD) conditions.

<p>(a, e) Water potential (Ψ) of L8 of CaMV or TuMV infected plants at the end (Day 9) of the water deprivation regime (n = 12 for both CaMV and TuMV infected plants). (b, f) Length of fully expanded leaves L4, L6 and L8 of CaMV or TuMV infected plants (n = 20 per leaf level for both virus species). (c, g) average time required for the appearance of each newly formed leaf on CaMV or TuMV infected plants (n = 20 in both cases). (d, h) Total dry weight of leaves from pools of 10 CaMV or 10 TuMV infected plants (n_pools = 3 in both cases). (i) Illustration of the protective effects of CaMV and TuMV infection on turnip response to severe water deficit. Healthy (mock-inoculated), CaMV-infected and TuMV-infected plants are shown 30 days after total water withholding. (a-h) Bars represent SEM and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between water treatments according to a Student’s <i>t</i>-test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05, see text). Details on plants used in the different morpho-physiological traits measurements are summarized in <a href="http://www.plosone.org/article/info:doi/10.1371/journal.pone.0174398#pone.0174398.s002" target="_blank">S1 Table</a>.</p

Aphid-transmission of CaMV and TuMV from turnip plants grown under Well-Watered (WW) or Water Deficit (WD) conditions.

<p>(a-c) Means of the proportion of infected test plants calculated from a pool of three independent experiments for each viral species (a, c) and two additional experiments conducted with CaMV-infected plants (b). In each experiment and for each condition, n = 10 source plants and n = 12 aphids per source plants individually transferred onto n = 12 receiving test plants. Watering was performed with a nutrient solution (a, c) or clear water (b). Error bars represent 95% confidence intervals and different lowercase letters indicate significant differences between water treatments according to a χ² test on the likelihood ratios (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for both CaMV and TuMV.</p

Effect of water deficit on the virus accumulation in infected source plants.

<p>Viral accumulation in the infected source plants used in transmission assays was estimated in leaf 8 by qPCR and RT-qPCR for (a) CaMV- and (b) TuMV- infected plants, respectively (n = 30 for both the WW and WD conditions). Bars represent 95% confidence intervals of normalized viral accumulation (log (N₀ virus/N₀ actin)), and similar lowercase letters indicate non-significant differences between water treatments according to a Student’s <i>t</i>-test (<i>p</i> ≤ 0.05) for CaMV and TuMV, respectively.</p