WPŁYW WYBRANYCH IMMUNOSTYMULATORÓW NA WSKAŹNIKI FIZJOLOGICZNOPRODUKCYJNE U LOCH

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of immunostimulation of sows during the perinatal period (Biostymine, Lydium-KLP) on physiological-production parameters of the sows: haematological and biochemical blood indices, colostrum and milk composition and fatty acid profile, physical (pH) and cytological (somatic cells count - SCC) parameters as well as results of reproduction and rearing of piglets. None effect of the examined immunostimulators on the most of the studied traits and indices was found. There were the changes in pH, energy level and composition of milk. Additionally, the changes in fatty acid profile in milk fat were recorded; they consisted in significantly lower or higher participation of certain fatty acids in the samples, collected from the sows which received Biostymine, as compared to the group, receiving Lydium-KLP and/or groups which did not receive any additive.Celem pracy było określenie wpływu immunostymulacji loch w okresie okołoporodowym (Biostymina, Lydium- KLP) na wskaźniki fizjologiczno-produkcyjne u loch: hematologiczne i biochemiczne krwi, skład siary i mleka oraz profil wybranych kwasów tłuszczowych, parametry fizyczne (pH) i cytologiczne (liczba komórek somatycznych - LKS), a także wyniki rozrodu i odchowu prosiąt. Nie stwierdzono wpływu badanych immunostymulatorów na większość badanych cech i wskaźników. Wystąpiły zmiany w pH, energetyczności i składzie mleka. Stwierdzono ponadto zmiany profilu kwasów tłuszczowych w tłuszczu mleka polegające na istotnie niższym lub wyższym udziale niektórych kwasów tłuszczowych w próbkach pobranych od loch, którym podano Biostyminę w porównaniu do grupy otrzymującej Lydium-KLP i/lub grupy bez dodatku

EFFECT OF THE SELECTED IMMUNOSTIMULATORS ON PHYSIOLOGICAL AND PRODUCTION PARAMETERS OF SOWS

The aim of the study was to determine the effect of immunostimulation of sows during the perinatal period (Biostymine, Lydium-KLP) on physiological-production parameters of the sows: haematological and biochemical blood indices, colostrum and milk composition and fatty acid profile, physical (pH) and cytological (somatic cells count - SCC) parameters as well as results of reproduction and rearing of piglets. None effect of the examined immunostimulators on the most of the studied traits and indices was found. There were the changes in pH, energy level and composition of milk. Additionally, the changes in fatty acid profile in milk fat were recorded; they consisted in significantly lower or higher participation of certain fatty acids in the samples, collected from the sows which received Biostymine, as compared to the group, receiving Lydium-KLP and/or groups which did not receive any additive

Endometriosis - Pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment

Introduction: Endometriosis is defined as a chronic gynecological disease characterized by endometrial tissue outside the uterus. The condition affects 5-10% of women of reproductive age worldwide and is associated with pelvic pain and infertility. Despite its prevalence, diagnosis is usually delayed for many years which postpones the introduction of appropriate treatment. Aim of the study: Summary of the current state of knowledge on endometriosis, analyzing the pathogenesis, the current diagnostic approach, highlighting the problem of fertility in this disease entity and presenting treatment options. Methods and materials: A review of the literaturę available in the PubMed database and GoogleScholar from the last 5years was conducted,using the following keywords: endometriosis”, „endometriosis pathogenesis”, „endometriosis diagnosis”, „infertility in endometriosis”, „endometriosis treatment” Results: Among the etiological factors mentioned are congenital, environmental, epigenetic, autoimmune and allergic factors. The main theory for the formation of the condition is retrograde menstruation through the fallopian tubes into the peritoneal cavity and implantation of endometrial cells. Laparoscopy is nowadays the gold standard for diagnosis, but less invasive methods that can shorten the time to diagnosis are being sought. Current treatment is limited to surgery, hormonal treatment and analgesics which are associated with many side effects. Conclusion: Endometriosis is the cause of infertility, chronic pain and reduced quality of life in many women. Non-invasive diagnostic tests such as imaging studies, genetic tests, biomarkers or miRNAs have diagnostic potential but more analysis is needed to be applied in daily clinical work. Future research should focus on learning and understanding the pathogenesis, identifying subtypes of the disease, and a modern approach to diagnosis and comprehensive treatment taking into account concomitant general symptoms

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis - problematic rare lung disease. Pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis

Introduction: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive, fatal lung disease most often affecting people over the age of 50. Causes and pathogenesis of the disease are not fully understood. The non-specific symptoms of the disease prolongs diagnosis. It translates into a reduced chance of survival for patients. Treatment options for patients with IPF remain limited and sometimes lung transplantation is indicated. The prognosis of untreated IPF is 2 to 3 years. Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment and prognosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, using the following  keywords:  „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”, „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis current treatment”, „Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis Pathogenesis”. Results: The pathogenesis of IPF has been understood to some extent, but is still not described in detail. A chest CT scan and a lung biopsy are procedures that allow us to confidently diagnose IPF. We have two drugs at our disposal - pirfenidone and nintedanib, but their effect is not satisfactory. The prognosis of the disease is poor, and lung transplantation is the only way to improve it significantly. Conclusion: IPF is a severe lung disease in which the main problem is its difficult diagnosis and rapidly progressive course. We have drugs that delay the decline in lung function, but they do not improve the quality or prolong the life of the patient. It is also known that lung transplantation is the best solution, but it is rarely performed. The prognosis of the disease is poor, often worse than the prognosis of many cancers. It is possible that knowing the exact pathogenesis of the causes of the IPF would enable more effective treatment and diagnosis

Atopic dermatitis – clinical phenotypes and related therapeutic possibilities

Introduction: Atopic dermatitis (AD) is the most common chronic inflammatory skin disease. It is characterized by damaged epidermal barrier, skin dysbiosis and pruritus. It affects up to 20% of the population of developed countries. AD represents a heterogeneous condition belonging to the spectrum of atopic diseases. It occurs in the form of multiple phenotypes with varied pathogenesis requiring different therapeutic strategies.  Aim of the study: To summarize the current state of knowledge on AD phenotypes and related therapeutic options.  Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in PudMed and Google Scholar databases was conducted. The following keywords were used: "atopic dermatitis", "atopic dermatitis phenotypes", "atopic dermatitis current treatment".  Results: There are many phenotypes of AD. However, due to the lack of a consistent classification system, identifying phenotypes is greatly hindered. It is possible to use the division of phenotypes into groups based on age, lesion topography, lesion morphology and patient ethnicity. Various drugs are available for the treatment of AD, but therapeutic strategies for specific phenotypes are sparse and insufficiently understood due to the problem of identifying phenotypes and the complexity of the endotypes behind them. Treatment of AD is not currently based on phenotype-specific targeted therapy.  Conclusion: Development of personalized therapy for the treatment of AD requires additional research using uniform definitions of phenotypes and endotypes. It is necessary to create a classification system for AD phenotypes

Benefits of nutritional yeast for children on vegan diet

Introduction: Nutritional yeast are a food product that can be fortified with valuable components. They are a product suitable for introducing into the diet of vegan children due to their friendly form, good taste and relatively low cost. Aim of the study: Summarize current knowledge on the benefits of introducing nutritional yeast into children's diets as supplementation for deficiencies in a vegan diet. Demonstrate the positive impact of the product on the health of the body. Methods and materials: : A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar, the following keywords were used: "nutritional yeast", "vegan diet in children", "nutritional yeast impact on health". Results: Introducing nutritional yeast into the diet of a child restricting animal products has measurable benefits. It reduces the risk of deficiencies such as deficiency of vitamin B12, zinc, protein and the following disease symptoms. Conclusion: The constantly growing number of infants and older children on vegan diets is a challenge for modern pediatrics, but also an opportunity to find new products that meet the high nutritional requirements of children during the developmental period. Nutritional yeast can be considered such a product thanks to their richness in nutrients that meat products contain but are not found in plant based foods. Nutritional yeast, however, cannot be a reason to completely abandon other sources of vitamin B12 supplementation

3D bioprinting as a future of regenerative medicine and hope for transplantology

Introduction: 3D bioprinting is a continuously refined technology that enables tissue structures to be faithfully reproduced, using specially developed bioinks and 3D printers. Thanks to its versatility, it is possible to use it in regenerative medicine and transplantation, which could have a positive impact on the survival and comfort of patients with injuries and those awaiting transplantation. Aim of the study: Summarise the current state of knowledge on the use of 3D bioprinting technology in the field of regenerative medicine and transplantation, to present the extent of the method's capabilities and examples of its applications, and to outline what role it will play in the future of medicine. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database and Google Scholar from the last 5 years was conducted, using the following keywords: 3d bioprinting, regenerative medicine, tissue biofabrication. Results: Significant progress has been made in the field of bioprinting and various types of tissue are now being printed and tested. Current research into the printing of skin tissue leads us to believe that in the coming years, 3D bioprinting using stem cells will make it possible to significantly improve the treatment of skin injuries. Researchers are also working on using this technology in the field of neurology and bone damage.  Conclusion: The dynamic development of 3D bioprinting technology offers the hope of eliminating the main transplantation problem related to donor availability. However, the road to wider clinical application of this technology is still a long one, due to the numerous technological difficulties associated with the development of bioprinters, advanced printers and a thorough understanding of human tissue architecture. With the current intensified research in this field, it is expected that these problems will be eliminated in time and the technology will gain more interest from clinicians. &nbsp

Hair loss after SARS-CoV2 Infection

Introduction:Since the detection of SARS-CoV-2 in China, more than 3.8 million people have died. A big problem is the long-term effects and complications of this disease. The pathogenesis of these long-term effects is not fully known. Significant increases in pro-inflammatory cytokines have been observed among people with complications. Their dermatological manifestations are due to the presence of receptors for angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 in the skin and other tissues. Aim of the study: Summary of current knowledge on the pathogenesis, diagnosis, treatment of hair loss after Covid-19. Methods and materials: A review of the literature available in the PubMed database, using the following terms: “Hair loss after Covid”, “Tellgoen Effluvium covid”, “Alopecia areata covid”, “androgenetic alopecia covid”. Results: The most commonly reported among the dermatological manifestations is hair loss, the predominant type of which is telogen alopecia, which involves a prolongation of the resting phase of the hair most likely due to an increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines and depletion of anticoagulant proteins, leading to microthrombosis. There has also been a significant increase in the incidence of alopecia areata, in the development of which, in addition to autoimmunity, psychological and physiological stress factors are also highly influential and are higher during the course of the disease including SARS-CoV2. Androgenetic alopecia results from excess androgens and increased sensitivity of hair follicles to them, transmembrane serine protease 2 facilitates the "entry" of the virus into the body by facilitating the binding of viral particles to ACE-2 receptors, which acts as a gateway.  Conclusion: Hair loss is not life-threatening however it has serious psychological and social implications, so it is very important to educate patients about the mechanism and treatment of this phenomenon

Pros and cons of splenic artery embolization after mechanical splenic injury - comparison of methods.

Introduction: Mechanical damage of the spleen is a serious therapeutic problem often leading to the death of the patient. The constant development of therapeutic methods makes it possible to reduce the percentage of severe conditions after damage to this organ. Great hopes are placed on minimal-invasive treatments and procedures such as embolization. Aim of the study: Compare available research as well as publications and identify advantages and disadvantages of splenic artery embolization in relation to other methods. Methods and materials: We reviewed the literature available on PubMed and Google Scholar using the words "splenic artery embolization," "blunt splenic trauma," "splenectomy," "splenectomy after trauma," "nonoperative treatment of blunt splenic trauma". Results: Embolization of the splenic artery combines relatively low invasiveness with very high therapeutic options that were once reserved exclusively for surgical management. Embolization significantly reduces mortality in the worst prognosis patients and is recommended during non-operative management. Conclusion: Embolization procedure is found to be superior to other types of management on almost every level. In addition, this procedure is an ideal follow-up to non-operative management. However, embolization as well as any other procedure carried out in the spleen should be considered individually and on many levels because of the important functions performed by this organ. Key words: Blunt trauma to the spleen, embolization, mechanical injury of the spleen, splenic artery embolization complications

Żywienie dojelitowe i pozajelitowe w udarze mózgu — stanowisko Grupy Ekspertów Sekcji Chorób Naczyniowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Neurologicznego

U chorych po udarze mózgu bardzo często występują zaburzenia przyjmowania, wchłaniania i metabolizowania pokarmów. Niedożywienie w znaczącym stopniu zwiększa ryzyko wstąpienia powikłań oraz wpływa na czas hospitalizacji, skuteczność rehabilitacji i jakość życia. W pracy przedstawiono stanowisko Grupy Ekspertów powołanej z inicjatywy Sekcji Chorób Naczyniowych Polskiego Towarzystwa Neurologicznego dotyczące żywienia dojelitowego i pozajelitowego po udarze mózgu