559 research outputs found
Dark Matter Candidates: What Cold, ..and What's Not
In this brief review of recent theoretical developments associated with the
search for dark matter I describe the following: why baryons are now ruled out
as dark matter candidates; SUSY WIMPS and signatures in the MSSM and NMSSM why
claimed indirect signatures are probably not WIMP related, why axions may be of
new interest, how WIMP detection might tell us about the galactic halo, and how
theorists are preparing to avoid the next generation of experimental
constraints.Comment: 6 pages, Invited Review talk, Neutrino 2006. To appear in Proceeding
Thermal neutrinos from pre-supernova
We would like to discuss prospects for neutrino observations of the
core-collapse supernova progenitor during neutrino-cooled stage. We will
present new theoretical results on thermal neutrino and antineutrino spectra
produced deep inside the pre-supernova core. Three competing processes: pair-,
photo and plasma-neutrino production, are taken into account. The results will
be used to estimate signal in existing and future neutrino detectors. Chance
for supernova prediction is estimated, with possible aid to core-collapse
neutrino and gravitational wave detectors in the form of early warning.Comment: 1 page, Contribution to the Proceedings of Neutrino 2006 Conferenc
Youth Focus Groups: Design and Analysis Plan for the BEARS Project
This capstone project produced a qualitative research design and analysis plan for youth focus groups as part of a Quality Improvement project at OneWorld Community Health Center (OWCHC) School-Based Health Center (SBHC) located at Bryan High School (BHS) in a program called BEARS. The intended use of this project is to serve as a reference guide for BEARS program planners to utilize as part of the data collection and analysis processes. The purpose for collecting qualitative data for this project is three-fold. 1. To explore adolescents’ perspectives of risk behaviors and associated health determinants common to their age group 2. Offer an opportunity for students to collaborate about health inequities within their school community and voice suggestions on strategies to address those needs. 3. Provide qualitative findings that program planners can reference when designing interventions. The deliverable from this project will assist OneWorld in capturing qualitative data through a methodical approach and framework, assisting program planners in focus group design, execution and analysis. Additionally, considerations for disseminating the findings is offered for the placement site.
The intent of the focus group design is to inform program development by exploring adolescent perspectives of health behaviors and the social, structural and cognitive barriers to optimal health and academic achievement. The researcher constructed the focus group plan using published quantitative data illustrating the prevalence of risk behaviors in the adolescent population. Additionally, published data regarding the relationship of protective factors and social determinants of health on risk behavior in the adolescent population was considered for the focus group design. The Rapid Assessment of Adolescent Preventive Services, Public Health (RAAPS-PH) screening tool will be utilized by OWCHC, SBHC in the BEARS program to capture student reported data regarding risk behaviors, protective factors and social determinants of health. Quantitative data available on a comparative U.S. High School using the same screening tool was utilized as reference group by the researcher when designing the deliverable for this project. The Framework Method was modeled to inform the data management and analysis strategies within the plan proposal and to assist facilitation of the Constant Comparative techniques suggested. As part of the final deliverable, recommendations for data dissemination including ethical considerations were offered. The impacts of this project and subsequent research will continue to inform interventions provided to individual students (tertiary prevention), groups of students (secondary prevention) and from a systems level perspective to inform primary prevention strategies. Long-term public health impacts include a reduction in preventable morbidity and mortality rates in this population and improved graduation rates
Potential for Supernova Neutrino Detection in MiniBooNE
The MiniBooNE detector at Fermilab is designed to search for oscillation appearance at and to make a
decisive test of the LSND signal. The main detector (inside a veto shield) is a
spherical volume containing 0.680 ktons of mineral oil. This inner volume,
viewed by 1280 phototubes, is primarily a \v{C}erenkov medium, as the
scintillation yield is low. The entire detector is under a 3 m earth
overburden. Though the detector is not optimized for low-energy (tens of MeV)
events, and the cosmic-ray muon rate is high (10 kHz), we show that MiniBooNE
can function as a useful supernova neutrino detector. Simple trigger-level cuts
can greatly reduce the backgrounds due to cosmic-ray muons. For a canonical
Galactic supernova at 10 kpc, about 190 supernova
events would be detected. By adding MiniBooNE to the international network of
supernova detectors, the possibility of a supernova being missed would be
reduced. Additionally, the paths of the supernova neutrinos through Earth will
be different for MiniBooNE and other detectors, thus allowing tests of
matter-affected mixing effects on the neutrino signal.Comment: Added references, version to appear in PR
Weak proton capture on 3He
The astrophysical S-factor for the proton weak capture on 3He is calculated
with correlated-hyperspherical-harmonics bound and continuum wave functions
corresponding to realistic Hamiltonians consisting of the Argonne v14 or
Argonne v18 two-nucleon and Urbana-VIII or Urbana-IX three-nucleon
interactions. The nuclear weak charge and current operators have vector and
axial-vector components, that include one- and many-body terms. All possible
multipole transitions connecting any of the p 3He S- and P-wave channels to the
4He bound state are considered. The S-factor at a p 3He center-of-mass energy
of 10 keV, close to the Gamow-peak energy, is predicted to be 10.1 10^{-20} keV
b with the AV18/UIX Hamiltonian, a factor of about 4.5 larger than the value
adopted in the standard solar model. The P-wave transitions are found to be
important, contributing about 40 % of the calculated S-factor. The energy
dependence is rather weak: the AV18/UIX zero-energy S-factor is 9.64 10^{-20}
keV b, only 5 % smaller than the 10 keV result quoted above. The model
dependence is also found to be weak: the zero-energy S-factor is calculated to
be 10.2 10^{-20} keV b with the older AV14/UVIII model, only 6 % larger than
the AV18/UIX result. Our best estimate for the S-factor at 10 keV is therefore
(10.1 \pm 0.6) 10^{-20} keV b, when the theoretical uncertainty due to the
model dependence is included. This value for the calculated S-factor is not as
large as determined in fits to the Super-Kamiokande data in which the hep flux
normalization is free. However, the precise calculation of the S-factor and the
consequent absolute prediction for the hep neutrino flux will allow much
greater discrimination among proposed solar neutrino oscillation solutions.Comment: 54 pages RevTex file, 6 PostScript figures, submitted to Phys. Rev.
Distinctive nuclear signatures of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos
New probes of neutrino mixing are needed to advance precision studies. One
promising direction is via the detection of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos
(below a few hundred MeV), to which a variety of near-term experiments will
have much-improved sensitivity. Here we focus on probing these neutrinos
through distinctive nuclear signatures of exclusive neutrino-carbon
interactions -- those that lead to detectable nuclear-decay signals with low
backgrounds -- in both neutral-current and charged-current channels. The
neutral-current signature is a line at 15.11 MeV and the charged-current
signatures are two- or three-fold coincidences with delayed decays. We
calculate the prospects for identifying such events in the Jiangmen Underground
Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a large-scale liquid-scintillator detector. A
five-year exposure would yield about 16 neutral-current events (all flavors)
and about 16 charged-current events (mostly from , with
some from ), and thus roughly 25\% uncertainties on
each of their rates. Our results show the potential of JUNO to make the first
identified measurement of sub-100 MeV atmospheric neutrinos. They also are a
step towards multi-detector studies of low-energy atmospheric neutrinos, with
the goal of identifying additional distinctive nuclear signatures for carbon
and other targets.Comment: 13 pages, 7 figures, 1 appendix. Minor changes, matches version
published in Phys. Rev.
Detection of Supernova Neutrinos by Neutrino-Proton Elastic Scattering
We propose that neutrino-proton elastic scattering, ,
can be used for the detection of supernova neutrinos in scintillator detectors.
Though the proton recoil kinetic energy spectrum is soft, with , and the scintillation light output from slow, heavily ionizing
protons is quenched, the yield above a realistic threshold is nearly as large
as that from . In addition, the measured proton
spectrum is related to the incident neutrino spectrum, which solves a
long-standing problem of how to separately measure the total energy and
temperature of , , , and .
The ability to detect this signal would give detectors like KamLAND and
Borexino a crucial and unique role in the quest to detect supernova neutrinos.Comment: 10 pages, 9 figures, revtex
The RETAIN parental leave transition coaching model: A pilot study putting theory into practice
- …