Efficacy of Carboplatin Alone and in Combination with ABT888 in Intracranial Murine Models of BRCA-Mutated and BRCA-Wild-Type Triple-Negative Breast Cancer

Patients with breast cancer brain metastases have extremely limited survival and no approved systemic therapeutics. Triple negative breast cancer (TNBC) commonly metastasizes to the brain and predicts poor prognosis. TNBC frequently harbors BRCA mutations translating to platinum sensitivity potentially augmented by additional suppression of DNA repair mechanisms through poly(ADP-ribose)polymerase (PARP) inhibition. We evaluated brain penetrance and efficacy of Carboplatin +/− the PARP inhibitor ABT888, and investigated gene expression changes in murine intracranial (IC) TNBC models stratified by BRCA and molecular subtype status

The association between moral distress and moral courage in nurses: A cross-sectional study in iran

Background: Moral distress and moral courage among healthcare professionals have received considerable attention in recent years. However, there is a paucity of studies investigating these topics among nurses. Thus, the present study aimed to evaluate the association between moral distress and moral courage among nurses in an Iranian sample population. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was conducted during February–December 2018. Corley’s Moral Distress (MDS-R) and Sekerka’s moral courage scales were used to collect the data. MDS-R is a 21-items scale which includes frequency and intensity ranges from 0 (never) to 4 (very frequently) and 0 (none) to 4 (great extent), respectively. In addition, the moral courage scale contains 15 items ranging from “never true” (1 point) to “always true” (7 points). In total, 225 eligible nurses were entered into this study. Finally, SPSS-16 was used for statistical analysis at the α = 0.05 level. Results: The mean scores of the frequency and intensity of moral distress and moral courage were 45.41 (95 CI = 43.37-47.45), 44.24 (95 CI = 42.98-45.42), and 59.63 (95 CI = 58.50-60.87), respectively. Eventually, a significant relationship was found between the moral courage and frequency of moral distress (r = 0.46, p < 0.001) and the intensity of moral distress (r = 0.73, p < 0.001). Conclusions: In general, encouraging healthcare managers and administrators is considered as crucial for developing supportive structures and highly sensitive management which promotes moral courage while reducing moral distress in nurses’ work setting. © 2020 Iranian Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Researc

The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in Iran and the world: a systematic review and meta-analysis

BACKGROUND: Domestic violence during pregnancy is a public health crisis, because it affects both mother and fetus simultaneously, resulting in irreversible consequences for mothers and their newborns. This study was performed to determine the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in the world and Iran as meta-analysis. METHODS: This study is a meta-analysis on the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in the world and Iran that was conductedon Persian and English published articles up to 2015. To this end, through searching the information by key words and their compounds at SID, Medlib, Irandoc, Google scholar, Pubmid, ISI, Iranmedex, Scopus and Magiran, all related articles were extracted independently by two trained researchers. The results of studies analyzed using the STATA and Spss 16 software. RESULTS: In the initial searching of 167 articles, 33 articles related to Iran, 40 articles related to other parts of the world and totally 73 articles met inclusion criteria for study. The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy were estimated in the world 17 (CI 95: 15 -18) and in Iran 28 (CI 95: 23-32). The prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in Iran is 11 percent more than the world. CONCLUSIONS: According to the present meta-analysis results, the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy in Iran is high. Given that sexual violence during pregnancy causes damage to the mother and infant, it is recommended that the relevant authorities with the implementation of intervention and educational programs reduce the prevalence of sexual violence during pregnancy

Environmental Related Risk Factors to Road Traffic Accidents in Ilam, Iran

Introduction: Road traffic injuries (RTIs) are the most serious health issue in the world and the main cause of death after the first year of birth. Environmental factors are among the most important and effective aspects of RTIs occurrences and their human consequences. Aim: This study aimed to identify the environmental factors associated with road traffic accidents (RTAs) in Ilam province. Methods: All crash data in Ilam province in 2012 were investigated. RTI's data was collected using COM 114 form which included some human, environmental and vehicle related factors. Through Chi-Square test and logistic regression model, the association between environmental factors and RTIs was examined. For all statistical analyses we used the package Stata 13.1. Results: A total of 2314 traffic accidents were investigated. The highest 1659 (72.3) and lowest 19 (0.83) frequency of RTAs occurred during day and sunrise respectively. The majority of RTAs took place in July and September. The maximum number of RTAs was when the day was clear (91.7) 2103 and the minimum when it was cloudy (3.5) 81. A significant relationship was found between fatal RTAs and factors such as; the sort of the road, the hindered visibility, the location of the accident, the accidents' place, the climate, and lighting of the day (P<0.05). The adjusted chance of traffic accidents causing death or injuries in main streets was 9.7 times more than in highways; in sidetracks it was 3.54 times more. And when it was cloudy, the chance was 2.60 times more than when was clear (P<0.05). Conclusion: Regarding the standards of road construction, development of the roads, and educating drivers how to adjust their driving behavior to the environment and road conditions could have a great role in decreasing RTAs causing death or injury

Suicide Death Rate after Disasters: A Meta-Analysis Study

Background Disasters have undesirable effects on health among individuals such as psychosocial disorders which may lead lead to suicide in some cases. Thus, the present study aimed to measure the rate of suicide death after disasters all over the world. Methods In the present meta-analysis study, all of the articles published in English until the end of 2019 were probed in electronic databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, PsycINFO, PsycARTICLES, and Google Scholar. Then, the data were imported to STATA ver.13 software and analyzed through fixed- and random-effects models, meta-regression, and Cochrane statistical tests. Results A total of 11 studies including a sample size of 65495867 were considered. Suicide death rates before and after the disasters were calculated as 13.61 (CI95: 11.59-15.77) vs. 16.68 (CI95: 14.5-19:0) among the whole population, 28.36 (CI 95:11.29-45.43) vs. 32.17 (CI95: 17.71-46.62) among men, and 12.71 (CI95: 5.98-19.44) vs 12.69 (CI95: 5.17-20.21) among women. The rate of suicide death significantly increased in the whole population and men, while no significant difference was reported among women. Conclusion Suicide death rate increases after disasters indicating the destructive impact of this phenomenon on peoples' health. Therefore, implementing supportive and interventional measures is highly suggested after disasters in order to prevent suicide death among the affected people

Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation and Suicide Attempts after Disaster and Mass Casualty Incidents in the World: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Objective: After accidents and disasters, people suffer from mental disorders due to physical, economic and social injuries. These include anxiety, stress, depression, suicidal ideation, and suicide attempts. Due to the fact that some of these measures can endanger a person's life, it is important to pay attention to these psychological factors. Accordingly, the present study was conducted to investigate prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempts after disasters in the world. Method: The present study was a systematic review and meta-analysis of the prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt after disaster in the world. Accordingly, all articles published English-language from the beginning of 2000 to the end of 2020 were extracted from Scopus, Web of Science, PubMed, Psych Info, Science Direct and Google scholar and evaluated. Statistical analysis of data was performed using the fixed and random effects model in meta-analysis and Cochran test. Results: A total of 33 studies with a sample size of 61,180 people entered the meta-analysis process. Accordingly, the prevalence of suicidal ideation was estimated at 12.9 (CI95: 10.3 -15.5) in the whole population, 10.6 (CI95: 6.1 - 15.0) in males and 15.8 (CI95: 10.0 - 21.6) in females. Moreover, prevalence of suicide attempt after disasters was estimated at 8.8 (CI95: 6.6 - 11.0). Conclusion: Based on the findings of the present study, prevalence of suicidal ideation and suicide attempt is high and prevalence of Suicide idea in women was about three times higher than in men

Relationship between some maternal and neonatal factors during previous pregnancies and low birth weight in Iran: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is one of the most important adverse consequences of pregnancy and also of the serious health problems in the world. Although several risk factors are reported for this phenomenon, but some problems during previous pregnancies could be considered as LBW predisposing factors. This study was performed with aim to determine the relationship between maternal and neonatal factors during previous pregnancies and low birth weight in Iran through a systematic review and meta-analysis study. Methods: In this systematic review and meta-analysis study, the information about the relationship between maternal and neonatal factors with low birth weight during previous pregnancies in Iran was independently extracted from all articles published from 1996 to the end of 2015 by searching in databases of SID, Medline, ISI, Irandoc, Google Scholar, Pubmed, Scopus, Science Direct, Web of Science and Magiran by using relevant key words and their combinations by two trained researchers. Data analysis was performed using random and fixed effects model in meta-analysis and Cochrane software STATA (version 11.1) and SPSS (version 16) were used to assess the publication bias from funnel plot and heterogeneity studies. P< 0.05 was considered significant. Results: In the initial search of 48 papers, 21 articles were selected to enter the study. There was significant relationship between the history of abortion, history of the birth of a neonate with LBW, unwanted pregnancy, parity and number of pregnancy. The history of low birth weight during previous pregnancies with OR: 2.68 (CI95: 2.12-3.39) and the number of mother’s pregnancy with OR:1.12 (CI95: 0.94-1.34) had the most and the least relationship with low birth weight newborns, respectively. Conclusion: According to significant relationship between the history of abortion, the history of low birth weight, unwanted pregnancy, the number of pregnancy and parity with birth of LBW newborns, health and medical directors can prevent the birth of LBW neonates by more attention to high risk mothers and taking appropriate actions. © 2016 Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. All Rights Reserved