A qualitative study about internationalization of Turkish textile & clothing industries

The national textile and clothing industries do not operate in isolation anymore; they are significant parts of one global sector which serve to the whole world. The Turkish textile and clothing industries are mainly export oriented and like other developing industries, they have an important role in the internationalization of the Turkish economy with their contribution to GDP, trade and employment. This article reviews the major developments that shaped the internationalization process of Turkish textile & clothing industries. Findings from semi-structured case studies with 14 Turkish textile and clothing industries tries to highlight the changes occurring currently in the industries. The qualitative data obtained from our research gives deep and detailed understanding of the Turkish textile and clothing industries

Conceptual overview of international business theories

Uluslararası işletmecilik teorileri 1970’lerde geliştirilmeye başlanmış ve son kırk yılda literatürde oldukça önem kazanmıştır. İlk yıllarda ekonomik bakış açısıyla, çok uluslu firmaların gelişimini ve doğrudan direkt yatırımları inceleyerek gelişen uluslararası işletmecilik teorileri daha sonraları yönetim fonksiyonlarından etkilenerek davranışsal bakış açısı altında ayrı bir kol olarak ayrılmıştır. Son zamanlarda, internet teknolojilerinin ve e-ticaretin gelişimine bağlı olarak gelişen popüler teorilerde ayrı bir grup olarak incelenmiştir. Bu derleme çalışmasında, konuyla ilgili detaylı literatür taraması yapılmış, 1970’lerden beri geliştirilen uluslararası işletmecilik teorileri kronolojik sıralamaya göre bütünsel olarak değerlendirilmiştir. Bu çalışmanın amacı uluslararası işletmecilik teorilerini kavramsal olarak detaylı ele alarak bu alanda çalışma yapacak araştırmacılara bir rehber sunmaktır.International business theories began to be developed in the 1970s and became important in literature over the last four decades. From an economic point of view, international business theories, which were developed by examining the development of multinational companies were later influenced by management functions and developed separately under the behavioral perspective. Recently, it has been studied as a separate group in popular theories that develop due to the development of the internet technologies and e-commerce. In this review, international management theories developed since the 1970s were analyzed in detail and evaluated holistically according to chronological order. This study aims to provide a guide to the researchers who will research in this field by considering international management theories in conceptual detail

Preparation of giant unilamellar vesicles from damp lipid film for better lipid compositional uniformity

AbstractGiant unilamellar vesicles (GUVs) containing cholesterol often have a wide distribution in lipid composition. In this study, GUVs of 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DOPC)/1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DSPC)/cholesterol and 1,2-diphytanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(diPhyPC)/1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine(DPPC)/cholesterol were prepared from dry lipid films using the standard electroformation method as well as a modified method from damp lipid films, which are made from compositional uniform liposomes prepared using the Rapid Solvent Exchange (RSE) method. We quantified the lipid compositional distributions of GUV by measuring the miscibility transition temperature of GUVs using fluorescence microscopy, since a narrower distribution in the transition temperature should correspond to a more uniform distribution in GUV lipid composition. Cholesterol molecules can demix from other lipids in dry state and form cholesterol crystals. Using optical microscopy, micron-sized crystals were observed in some dry lipid films. Thus, a major cause of GUV lipid compositional heterogeneity is the demixing of lipids in the dry film state. By avoiding the dry film state, GUVs prepared from damp lipid films have a better uniformity in lipid composition, and the standard deviations of miscibility transition temperature are about 2.5 times smaller than that of GUVs prepared from dry lipid films. Comparing the two ternary systems, diPhyPC/DPPC/cholesterol GUVs has a larger cholesterol compositional heterogeneity, which directly correlates with the low maximum solubility of cholesterol in diPhyPC lipid bilayers (40.2±0.5mol%) measured by light scattering. Our data indicate that cholesterol interacts far less favorably with diPhyPC than it does with other PCs. The damp lipid film method also has a potential of preparing GUVs from cell membranes containing native proteins without going through a dry state

Normal over rezervi olan ve long protokol uygulanan İVF hastalarında rekombinant fsh ve yüksek derecede saflaştırılmış hmg kullanımının gebelik sonuçlarına etkisinin karşılaştırılması]

Objective: Gonadotropins used in controlled ovarian stimulation have been increasing in number. Beside the recombinant preparations such as rec-FSH, rec-LH and h-hMG human-derived preparations have entered the market. We decided to compare the effects of rec-FSH and HP-hMG with GnRHa on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in women undergoing an IVF cycle. Material and Methods: In this study, data of 87 patients who had applied to our center from 2007 to 2008 and who had met all inclusion criteria, were analyzed. The patients underwent controlled ovarian hyperstimulation with HP-hMG, rec-FSH following down-regulation with a GnRHa in a long protocol, selected according to determined criteria and acquired embryo via IVF transfer. Results: Of the 87 patients, 44 were stimulated with rec-FSH and 43 with HP-hMG. Distribution of infertility causes was similar between the groups. Duration of gonadotropin administration (p=0.677, Student's t-test) and the total dose of gonadotropin received (p=0.392, Student's t-test) were similar between the two groups. The fertilization rate of the rec- FSH group was significantly higher than the HP-hMG group (p=0.001, Mann-Whitney U test). No significant differences were observed between the study groups in biochemical, clinical and ongoing pregnancy parameters. Conclusion: The higher oocyte yield with rec- FSH does not result in higher quality embryos. LH activity in combination with FSH activity positively affected the oocyte and embryo maturation. Therefore, when we consider the clinical and ongoing pregnancy rates there is no inferiority of HP-hMG in controlled ovarian stimulation

Effects of First and Third Trimester MPV Ratios on Prediction of Preeclampsia

Giriş: Preeklampsi, obstetrik alanındaki gelişmelere rağmen halen maternal ve fetal morbidite ve mortalitenin önde gelen sebeplerindendir. Bu nedenle hastalık oluşmadan tanı konulabilmesi;mortalite ve morbiditeyi azaltacaktır Amaç: Preeklampside 1. ve 3. trimester MPV(median platellit volum) oranlarının hastalığı öngörebilme üzerine etkilerini araştırmak Yöntem ve gereç; Ocak 2010 ile nisan 2010 tarihleri arasında T.C. Sağlık Bakanlığı Zeynep Kamil Kadın ve Çocuk Hastalıkları Eğitim ve Araştırma Hastanesi Kadın Hastalıkları ve Doğum Kliniğinde ACOG 2002 kriterlerine göre ağır preeklampsi tanısı konulan 69 hafif preeklampsi, 72 ağır preeklampsi, 52 normal gebenin rutin biyokimya, tam kan sayımı, idrarda protein ve Doppler akım sonuçları değerlendirildi. Bu hastaların 8 ila 12 haftalar arasında olan tam kan sayımlarına ulaşıldı Bulgular: Hafif preeklampsi ve ağır preeklampsi ile normal gebeler arasında 1. trimester MPV oranları arasında, hastalığın derecesi ile pozitif korelasyon mevcut idi. MPV değeri 8,3 fl üzerinde olduğunda ağır preeklampsi gelişme riski 1,73 kat artmakta idi. 3. trimesterde MPV 9,6 fl olduğunda ağır preeklampsi gelişme riski 2,37 kat artmakta idi ve bu durum hastalığın şiddeti ile korelasyon göstermektedir. 1. trimesterde MPVnin 8,3 fl üzerinde olduğu gebelerde preeklampsi gelişme riskinin arttığı söylenebilir. 3. trimester için bu değer 9,6 fl dir. Sonuçlar: MPV Hastalığı öngörebilmedeki güvenirliği düşük olmasına rağmen üst sınıra yakın değerlerde artmış riskten söz edilebilir. Diğer parametreler göz önüne alındığında özellikle umblikal arter Doppler indeksleri ile kombine edilmesinin klinisyene takip ettikleri hastanın preeklampsi olabileceğine dair fikir verebilir.Aim: To investigate the prognostic value of the levels of mean platelet volumes (MPV) in preeclampsia Material and methods: MPV values obtained 1st and 3rd trimesters in preeclamptic and severe preeclamptic woman diagnosed according to the ACOG (2002) criteria were compared with the same parameters of healthy pregnant subjects Results: 69 preeclamptic, 72 severe preeclamptic and 52 healthy pregnant women were investigated. It was calculated that, if the 1st trimester MPV values were greater than 8,3 fl, the risk for developing severe preeclampsia was 1.73. Additionally, if the 3rd trimester MPV values were greater than 9, 6 fl, the risk for developing severe preeclampsia was 2.37. Conclusion: Increased MPV values may be helpful in predicting severe pereclampsia

Employee Involvement in Sustainability Projects in Emergent Markets: Evidence from Turkey

Without a doubt, encouraging the behavior of employees in relation to sustainability is one of the most effective tactics that organizations can use to attain their sustainability goals. It is critical that employees take part in sustainability projects in order for organizations to be successful. In this study, we assumed that organizations supported by responsible employees will be more likely to engage in sustainability-driven projects that affect their long-term viability and the interests of their stakeholders, and that green human resources management will be an encouraging factor. The purpose of this study was to investigate the involvement of employees in sustainability-driven projects within organizations, as well as the potential influence of such involvement on the performance of projects in emerging economies such as Turkey, where individual sensitivity to sustainability is lacking. With this goal in mind, we conducted a qualitative investigation on ten different employees from various corporate enterprises who were authorized to participate in sustainability-driven projects in their workplaces. Our results revealed that in the Turkish business environment, employees have still not reached the required level of maturity regarding sustainability issues in order to be initiators of sustainability projects. This study is the first to investigate the role of employees in sustainability-driven projects within the Turkish market

Boosting Life Satisfaction through Psychological Capital in the Presence of Job Security: A Case Study of Turkey

The COVID-19 pandemic brought about drastic changes all across the world, causing the loss of thousands of lives and negatively affecting many industries, owing to the health measures taken by authorities in this period. The difficulties engendered by the pandemic have led to excessive anxiety and made people vulnerable to psychological problems. Moreover, many people have lost their jobs or experienced anxiety of losing their jobs. Turkish business is one of the prominent markets that have been severely affected by the pandemic. Thus, we considered it crucial to examine how life satisfaction levels of individuals working in the Turkish business sector can be increased through psychological capital. We also aimed to test whether a sense of job security has a mediator effect in the relationship between life satisfaction and psychological capital. In order to test the assumed relationship, we collected data from Turkish professionals working in the Marmara region. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS AMOS and the results revealed that psychological capital has a positive effect on life satisfaction levels of individuals. Moreover, our study is novel in that it revealed the mediator role of job security in the relationship between psychological capital and life satisfaction

Antral Folikül Sayi{dotless}si{dotless}ni{dotless}n in Vitro Fertilizasyon Sonuçlari Üzerine Etkisi]

Aim: The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of number and size of antral follicles on ovarian reserve and subsequently in vitro fertilization (IVF) outcome. Material and Method: 44 patients treated with IVF in the Infertility Clinic of Zeynep Kamil Women's and Children Disease Education and Research Hospital (Istanbul, Turkey) were prospectively included in this study. On the third day of menstrual bleeding, transvaginal ultrasound was performed. Antral follicle count (AFC) and antral follicle (AF) size were recorded in these patients. Group I as AF > 5mm and Group II as AF 5 mm). Under the area of ROC curve estimations for ovarian response revealed that antral follicle (AF) > 5 mm had the largest area 0.675 +/- 0.083 (0.517-0.808). Discussion: There might be an association between AF that is larger than 5 mm in size and number of retrieved mature oocytes. Since AFC, is a routine screening test in any IVF center, we believe paying closer attention to the measurement of AFC that are larger than 5 mm in size might help clinicians to achieve more successful outcomes in terms of on embryo quality and pregnancy outcome in women undergoing an in vitro fertilization

Radical trachelectomy in late pregnancy: is it an option?

[No Abstract Available

Merkel-cell carcinoma arising after liver transplantation: A case report

Merkel-cell carcinoma is a rare and an aggressive neuroendocrine tumour of the skin that has been reported to be common in transplant recipients. Herein, a 25-year-old woman who developed Merkel-cell carcinoma after liver transplantation is reported