Effect of age on reproductive performance of Kutum, Rutilus frisii (Nordmann, 1840) in Shirood River, the southern coast of the Caspian Sea

In this study, we investigated the age-dependent changes in reproductive efficiency of Kutum, Rutilus frisii caught from Shirood River, the Southern Caspian Sea (Mazandaran Province, Iran). Age-dependent reproductive performance of brooders was assayed on two age and sex groups. Results revealed that there were no significant differences in sperm characteristics between age groups. All female characteristics revealed change except relative fecundity between two age groups. The higher fertilization rate (87%) and also survival rate (91%) were found when the 4 year-old males were crossed with 4 year - old females (P < 0.05). Our results confirmed the agedependent changes of reproductive efficiency in Kutum. So that, the cross between 4 year-old males and 4 year - old females could be useful for enhancement of reproductive efficiency in Kutum

Pragmatics: A Book Review

Pragmatics was written by Chapman (2011) and published by MPG Books Group, Bodmin and Kings Lynn in Great Britain. Chapman’s monograph offers a beautifully clear and wide-ranging introduction to all the major developments in core theoretical pragmatics, from the very beginning to the present day. With increasing scholarly interest in meaning in context in the field of linguistics (e.g. Halliday, 2001; Hasan, 2009; Van Dijk, 2009), it seems like a timely contribution. The author’s aims of this book are to describe both early and recent developments in pragmatics, and also to show how pragmatics relates to the study of language more generally. It does more than provide an introductory overview. It encourages the reader to engage with some of the fundamental issues faced by pragmatics, and to appreciate the current controversies and debates in which they are engaged. The primary aim of this book is to contribute students taking undergraduate degree level courses in pragmatics or in linguistics more generally,  it should also be useful to postgraduate students in these areas and to researchers in linguistics and related disciplines who are interested in finding out about what is currently going on in pragmatics

L’Art moderne iranien en perspective

La Révolution iranienne de 1979 (et les huit années de guerre entre Irak et Iran qui s’ensuivirent) créa une déchirure dans l’histoire du pays et de son art, et les divisa en deux. L’appellation Révolution culturelle iranienne (1980-1987) en est le révélateur. A travers la Révolution, tout un nouveau système de production iconographique a eu désormais la main mise sur la culture visuelle autochtone. Les études d’art à l’université se virent appliquer un cursus différent et un nouveau système ..