A qualitative exploration of fatherhood after acquired brain injury (ABI)

Acquired Brain Injury (ABI) significantly affects individuals across multiple areas of intimate, familial, and parental domains. Gender and identity are pivotal research areas in navigating life after ABI. To date, scant research has explored gendered experiences, particularly those related to the masculine lifeworld. This study aimed to explore how men who were fathers before their injuries experience fatherhood after ABI. An Interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA) methodology was used, and seven fathers participated in the semi-structured interviews (time since injury 1-18 years, age range 27-66 years) which explored their meaning-making. Four superordinate themes were drawn from all interviews through engaging with the qualitative research process: (1) what being a father means, (2) altered relationships with others, (3) becoming lost and finding their way through, and (4) renewed fatherhood. The findings show intersectionality between pre-and post-injury comparisons of self and social identities, alongside the contextual and societal identities in the subjective fathering experiences. Through increased understanding, we may enable fathers to find new ways to resolve, reformulate, and connect to move into their future possible fatherhood. The importance of this research is in giving voice to these less represented men so that we may shape our understanding to aid future fathers post-ABI

Beyond charity: The engagement of the philanthropic and homelessness sectors in Australia

Project No. FP8This report considers the intersections between the philanthropic sector and the homelessness sector, in the light of recent reforms to both sectors. The report considers the similarities and differences between government grants, and the body of philanthropic funding – annually around $2 billion. Both are provided in order to allow not-for-profit organisations to conduct their work, but they facilitate the not-for-profit sector in distinct ways. The report also considers the various factors that drive individuals and corporations to engage in philanthropy, and the implications this has for the funding of homelessness interventions.Selina Tually, Jo Baulderstone, Michele Slatter, Victoria Skinne

Systematic and conservation implications of mitochondrial DNA diversity in emu-wrens, Stipiturus (Aves : Maluridae)

The three species of emu-wrens (Maluridae:Stipiturus) are small passerines found in arid to mesic habitats across southern Australia. The geographical distribution of nucleotide sequence diversity of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) in emu-wrens was investigated to assess the systematic status of Stipiturus (Aims 1 and 2), particularly in eastern Australia, and to examine closely the population structure of Southern Emu-wren (S. malachurus) in the Mount Lofty Ranges of South Australia (Aim 3). Aim 1: Phylogenetic relationships among the three species of Stipiturus, based previously on plumage and allozyme data, are confirmed by our mtDNA data, which support recognition of Mallee Emu-wren (S. mallee) as a distinct (evolutionary) species from, and sister lineage to, Rufous-crowned Emu-wren (S. ruficeps) rather than Southern Emu-wren. These relationships indicate that any interaction between Mallee and Southern Emu-wrens in south-eastern South Australia is a secondary contact. Aim 2: Within the Southern Emu-wren, which currently comprises eight subspecies, phylogenetic relationships among haplotypes from eastern Australia are not concordant globally with subspecies boundaries, but correspond in part to the most recent classification. A quantitative statistical evaluation of the taxonomic implications of phenotypic variation in these birds is warranted. Eastern haplotypes of Southern Emu-wren show strong phylogeographic structure indicative of allopatric divergence in refugia, with subsequent expansion without widespread introgression. Aim 3: Within the endangered populations of the Mount Lofty Ranges, historical isolation and demographic independence of central and southern populations is supported, corresponding with distribution data, but confirmation using nuclear markers is required. Despite separate subspecific designation of emu-wrens of the Mount Lofty Ranges (which are endangered) and south-eastern South Australia, they share mtDNA haplotypes without strong differentiation and emu-wrens of south-eastern South Australia should be preferred over Kangaroo Island birds for translocations into the MLR, although translocation among populations of the Mount Lofty Ranges is probably a wiser initial strategy to minimise the impact of ecological differences and risk of introduction of disease. © 2009 Royal Australasian Ornithologists Union.S. C. Donnellan, J. Armstrong, M. Pickett, T. Milne, J. Baulderstone, T. Hollfelder and T. Bertozz

Cognitive deficit and autism spectrum disorders: prospective diagnosis by array CGH

The aim of this study was to determine prospectively the frequency of pathogenic chromosomal microdeletions and microduplications in a large group of referred patients with developmental delay (DD), intellectual disability (ID) or autism spectrum disorders (ASD) within a genetic diagnostic service. First tier testing was applied using a standardised oligo-array comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) platform, replacing conventional cytogenetic testing that would have been used in the past. Copy number variants (CNVs) found to be responsible for the clinical condition on the request form could all be subdivided into three groups: well established pathogenic microdeletion/microduplication/aneuploidy syndromes, predicted pathogenic CNVs as interpreted by the laboratory, and recently established pathogenic disease susceptibility CNVs. Totalled from these three groups, with CNVs of uncertain significance excluded, detection rates were: DD (13.0%), ID (15.6%), ASD (2.3%), ASD with DD (8.2%), ASD with ID (12.7%) and unexplained epilepsy with DD, ID and ASD (10.9%). The greater diagnostic sensitivity arising from routine application of array CGH, compared with previously used conventional cytogenetics, outweighs the interpretative issues for the reporting laboratory and referring clinician arising from detection of CNVs of uncertain significance. Precise determination of any previously hidden molecular defect responsible for the patient's condition is translated to improved genetic counselling.Jillian Nicholl, Wendy Waters, John C. Mulley, Shanna Suwalski, Sue Brown, Yvonne Hull, Christopher Barnett, Eric Haan, Elizabeth M. Thompson, Jan Liebelt, Lesley McGregor, Michael G. Harbord, John Entwistle, Chris Munt, Dierdre White, Anthony Chitti, David Baulderstone, David Ketteridge, Array Referral Consortium, Kathryn Friend, Sharon M. Bain and Sui Y