The Long Run Consequences of Unilateral Divorce Laws on Children –Evidence from SHARELIFE

Previous research has shown adverse effects of growing up under unilateral divorce laws on long-term outcomes of children. It remains an open question of whether long-term effects of early childhood conditions arise because divorce laws raise the likelihood of parental marital disruption, or whether unilateral divorce laws also affect children in intact marriages by changing intra-household bargaining. Using newly available data from SHARELIFE for eleven Western European countries we address this question employing a differences-in-differences approach and controlling for childhood family structure and socioeconomic status. Like previous research, we find strong adverse effects of growing up under unilateral divorce laws on the well-being of children, and this effect remains even when controlling for childhood variables. We conclude that unilateral divorce laws affect children by changing family bargaining in intact marriages.

Cotorsion torsion triples and the representation theory of filtered hierarchical clustering

We give a full classification of representation types of the subcategories of representations of an $m \times n$ rectangular grid with monomorphisms (dually, epimorphisms) in one or both directions, which appear naturally in the context of clustering as two-parameter persistent homology in degree zero. We show that these subcategories are equivalent to the category of all representations of a smaller grid, modulo a finite number of indecomposables. This equivalence is constructed from a certain cotorsion torsion triple, which is obtained from a tilting subcategory generated by said indecomposables.Comment: 39 pages; corrected the lists appearing in Cor. 1.6 and minor changes throughou

The new urban paradigm

This paper argues in favor of a new urban model that harnesses the power that cities have to curb global warming. Such a model tackles fundamental management challenges in the energy, building and transport sectors to promote the growth of diverse and compact cities. Such a model is essential for meeting complex challenges in cities, such as promoting a cohesive social life and a competitive economic base while simultaneously preserving agricultural and natural systems crucial to soil, energy, and material resources. With most of the population living in urban areas, the G20 should recognize the key role that cities play in addressing global challenges such as climate change. Improved measures taken by cities should be an indispensable solution. The G20 Development Working Group, Climate Sustainability Working Group, and Energy Transitions Working Group should incorporate an urban approach to discussions related to climate change.Fil: Lanfranchi, Gabriel. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento; ArgentinaFil: Herrero, Ana Carolina. Centro de Implementación de Políticas Públicas para la Equidad y el Crecimiento; ArgentinaFil: Rueda Palenzuela, Salvador. Agencia Ecología Urbana Barcelona; EspañaFil: Camilloni, Ines Angela. Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas. Oficina de Coordinación Administrativa Ciudad Universitaria. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera. Universidad de Buenos Aires. Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales. Centro de Investigaciones del Mar y la Atmósfera; ArgentinaFil: Bauer, Steffen. German Development Institute; Alemani

Comparison between the immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography for therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine and phenytoine

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the immunoassay and chromatography method for quantitative measurement of two antiepileptic drugs (AED), carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) and determination of relation between the CBZ and it\u27s metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E). Additionally we investigated whether there is a difference in the determination of serum concentration of CBZ and PHT when measured in two different labs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 102 blood samples (72 CBZ and 30 PHT) collected from epileptic outpatients. Plasma concentrations of CBZ and PHT were determined by validated HPLC (Shimadzu and Agilent) and the CEDIA-immunoassay method. Results: The correlations of serum concentrations of CBZ between CEDIA and HPLC1 and between CEDIA and HPLC2 were good (R = 0.97 for both techniques). Even better correlation was found between concentrations of CBZ measured by the two HPLC systems (R = 0.99). Similar, for PHT, we found good correlation between CEDIA and the two systems of HPLC (HPLC1 and HPLC2, R = 0.98) and between the two systems of HPLC of R =0.98. The moderate correlation coefficient was found between serum concentrations of CBZ and its metabolite CBZ-E, measured in two labs by different HPLC (R = 0.49 and 0.43, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion: We observed good correlation for estimation of CBZ and PHT concentration obtained by means the immunoassay and two different HPLC. The possibility of measurement of CBZ-E could be advantage of chromatography in comparison with immunoassay

Timing is crucial for consequences of migratory connectivity

Migratory connectivity can have important consequences for individuals, populations and communities. We argue that most consequences not only depend on which sites are used but importantly also on when these are used and suggest that the timing of migration is characterised by synchrony, phenology, and consistency. We illustrate the importance of these aspects of timing for shaping the consequences of migratory connectivity on individual fitness, population dynamics, gene flow and community dynamics using examples from throughout the animal kingdom. Exemplarily for one specific process that is shaped by migratory connectivity and the timing of migration – the transmission of parasites and the dynamics of diseases – we underpin our arguments with a dynamic epidemiological network model of a migratory population. Here, we quantitatively demonstrate that variations in migration phenology and synchrony yield disease dynamics that significantly differ from a time‐neglecting case. Extending the original definition of migratory connectivity into a spatio‐temporal concept can importantly contribute to understanding the links migratory animals make across the globe and the consequences these may have both for the dynamics of their populations and the communities they visit throughout their journeys

Subglobale Allianzen in der internationalen Klimapolitik

Die Vermeidung eines ungebremsten Klimawandels bedarf universeller Kooperation. Das gegebene multilaterale Klimaregime leistet dies gegenwärtig nur unzureichend. Subglobale Allianzen ambitionierter Klimapioniere könnten den unhaltbaren Status quo der internationalen Klimapolitik überwinden

Single‐Molecule Manipulation in Zero‐Mode Waveguides

The mechanobiology of receptor–ligand interactions and force‐induced enzymatic turnover can be revealed by simultaneous measurements of force response and fluorescence. Investigations at physiologically relevant high labeled substrate concentrations require total internal reflection fluorescence microscopy or zero mode waveguides (ZMWs), which are difficult to combine with atomic force microscopy (AFM). A fully automatized workflow is established to manipulate single molecules inside ZMWs autonomously with noninvasive cantilever tip localization. A protein model system comprising a receptor–ligand pair of streptavidin blocked with a biotin‐tagged ligand is introduced. The ligand is pulled out of streptavidin by an AFM cantilever leaving the receptor vacant for reoccupation by freely diffusing fluorescently labeled biotin, which can be detected in single‐molecule fluorescence concurrently to study rebinding rates. This work illustrates the potential of the seamless fusion of these two powerful single‐molecule techniques

Comparison between the immunoassay and high performance liquid chromatography for therapeutic monitoring of carbamazepine and phenytoine

Objective: To investigate the correlation of the immunoassay and chromatography method for quantitative measurement of two antiepileptic drugs (AED), carbamazepine (CBZ) and phenytoin (PHT) and determination of relation between the CBZ and it\u27s metabolite carbamazepine 10,11-epoxide (CBZ-E). Additionally we investigated whether there is a difference in the determination of serum concentration of CBZ and PHT when measured in two different labs by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Materials and methods: This study was carried out on 102 blood samples (72 CBZ and 30 PHT) collected from epileptic outpatients. Plasma concentrations of CBZ and PHT were determined by validated HPLC (Shimadzu and Agilent) and the CEDIA-immunoassay method. Results: The correlations of serum concentrations of CBZ between CEDIA and HPLC1 and between CEDIA and HPLC2 were good (R = 0.97 for both techniques). Even better correlation was found between concentrations of CBZ measured by the two HPLC systems (R = 0.99). Similar, for PHT, we found good correlation between CEDIA and the two systems of HPLC (HPLC1 and HPLC2, R = 0.98) and between the two systems of HPLC of R =0.98. The moderate correlation coefficient was found between serum concentrations of CBZ and its metabolite CBZ-E, measured in two labs by different HPLC (R = 0.49 and 0.43, respectively; P < 0.001). Conclusion: We observed good correlation for estimation of CBZ and PHT concentration obtained by means the immunoassay and two different HPLC. The possibility of measurement of CBZ-E could be advantage of chromatography in comparison with immunoassay