Laboratory Rearing of \u3ci\u3eLycaeides Melissa Samuelis\u3c/i\u3e (Lepidoptera: Lycaenidae), An Endangered Butterfly in Michigan

The Karner blue butterfly (Lycaeides melissa samuelis) is listed as a federally endangered species in the United States. It occurs in oak savanna and pine barren habitats from eastern Minnesota to New Hampshire. In 1994, we successfully reared Karner blue larvae under controlled laboratory conditions for experimental purposes, and report on those rearing methods here. We collected 20 female Karner blue adults of the spring generation from two areas in Michigan, and housed them in cages in an environmental chamber at 240 -26°C for 5 days. The female butterflies produced 154 eggs, of which 72 hatched in an average of 4.5 days, and 68 first instars survived. Eggs, larvae and pupae were kept in a growth chamber at 24°C. Developmental time from egg to adult averaged 26 days; the average duration of each instar ranged from 3 to 4 days, and the average pupal duration was 8 days. Thirty three lab- oratory-reared Karner blue larvae successfully completed the 4 instars, and were released as adults into maternal collection sites. Laboratory rearing may be a viable means of providing Karner blue individuals for reintroduction into areas where the species is extirpated, for supplementation of small populations, or for research. Ultimately, such methods may become an integral part in the recovery of this and other rare invertebrate species

… In a strange pIace ... : The Experiences of British Women during the Colonization of East & West Florida

In April 1767, a young woman named Miss Row married a man who had proposed to her several times over the past year and a half despite the fact that he was not the same man with whom she had engaged in a torrid affair in British East Florida.1 When Miss Row married William Gerard De Brahm, a German who recently had been appointed as Surveyor General of the Southern Colonies, it ended a tumultuous period in her life that had begun when she immigrated to East Florida sometime between late 1764 and early 1766. 2 Within a few months of her arrival, Row had embarked on a secret love affair with Dr. Robert Catherwood, which ended in an abrupt and very public repudiation that almost shattered her reputation and did break her heart

A Stream Runs Through It: Reconnecting Watershed and Landscape at the University of Maryland

ABSTRACT Title of thesis: A STREAM RUNS THROUGH IT: RECONNECTING WATERSHED AND LANDSCAPE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF MARYLAND Deborah Anne Bauer, Master of Architecture 2008 Thesis directed by: Professor Guido Francescato, Fall 2006--Fall 2007 Professor Ralph Bennett, AIA, Spring 2008 School of Architecture, Planning and Preservation This thesis investigates roles that the built environment can play in restoring the urban watershed and reconnecting a community with the landscape sheltering that watershed. The site for this investigation is Campus Creek, a stream that traverses the width of the University of Maryland, College Park campus. Until now the creek has been utilized primarily to drain storm water from adjacent paved surfaces, resulting in an eroding streambed rendered all but invisible by chain link fence, trash and dense undergrowth. The revival of the stream and adjacent ecosystems will be accompanied by the introduction of structures that employ sustainable strategies artfully, reframe the landscape, and encourage exploration while protecting sensitive resources. Three undergraduate environmental science programs will share the building and monitor the restoration of the creek. The section of Campus Creek west of the Campus Recreation Center, and adjacent areas, comprises the thesis site

A Comparative Analysis of the Nativity Wealth Gap

This paper investigates the source of the gap in the relative wealth position of immigrant households residing in Australia, Germany and the United States. Our results indicate that in Germany and the United States wealth differentials are largely the result of disparity in the educational attainment and demographic composition of the native and immigrant populations, while income differentials are relatively unimportant in understanding the nativity wealth gap. In contrast, the relatively small wealth gap between Australian- and foreign-born households exists because immigrants to Australia do not translate their relative educational and demographic advantage into a wealth advantage. On balance, our results point to substantial cross-national disparity in the economic well-being of immigrant and native families, which is largely consistent with domestic labor markets and the selection policies used to shape the nature of the immigration flow.international migration, wealth accumulation

A Comparative Analysis of the Nativity Wealth Gap

This paper investigates the source of the gap in the relative wealth position of immigrant households residing in Australia, Germany and the United States. Our results indicate that in Germany and the United States wealth differentials are largely the result of disparity in the educational attainment and demographic composition of the native and immigrant populations, while income differentials are relatively unimportant in understanding the nativity wealth gap. In contrast, the relatively small wealth gap between Australian- and foreign- born households exists because immigrants to Australia do not translate their relative educational and demographic advantage into a wealth advantage. On balance, our results point to substantial cross-national disparity in the economic well-being of immigrant and native families, which is largely consistent with domestic labor markets and the selection policies used to shape the nature of the immigration flow.International migration, wealth accumulation

A Comparative Analysis of the Nativity Wealth Gap

This paper investigates the source of the gap in the relative wealth position of immigrant households residing in Australia, Germany and the United States. Our results indicate that in German and the United States wealth differentials are largely the result of disparity in the educational attainment and demographic composition of the native and immigrant populations, while income differentials are relatively unimportant in understanding the nativity wealth gap. In contrast, the relatively small wealth gap between Australian and foreign-born households, exists because immigrants to Australia do not translate their relative educational and demographic advantage into a wealth advantage. On balance, our results point to substantial cross-nationality disparity in the economic well-being of immigrant and native families, which is largely consistent with domestic labor markets and the selection policies used to shape the nature of immigration flow.International migration, wealth accumulation

Besteuerung von Kapitaleinkünften: zur relativen Vorteilhaftigkeit der Standorte Deutschland, Österreich und Schweiz

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Zur Vorteilhaftigkeit der schweizerischen Besteuerung nach dem Aufwand bei Wegzug aus Deutschland

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Auswirkungen der deutschen Unternehmensteuerreform 2008 und der österreichischen Gruppenbesteuerung auf den grenzüberschreitenden Unternehmenserwerb

Using a simple model under certainty we show the implications of the new group relief system in Austria effective from 2005 and the reform act of business taxation 2008 in Germany on cross border marginal purchase prices and marginal seller prices concerning incorporations. The results show that the new group relief in Austria does not imply a higher marginal purchase price for a subsidiary located in Austria by an Austrian investor in comparison to his German competitor. If the German reform act of business taxation 2008 is not taken into account a German investor is able to pay higher marginal prices at the Austrian and German transaction market for companies. Considering the German tax reform act the situation changes. Now the Austrian investor is able to pay higher marginal prices for subsidiaries located in Germany and Austria. -- Anhand eines einfachen Modells unter Sicherheit zur Bewertung von Kapitalgesellschaften wird gezeigt, wie sich die Unternehmensteuerreform 2008 in Deutschland und die Einführung der Gruppenbesteuerung in Österreich in 2005 auf die Käufer- und Verkäufergrenzpreise bei grenzüberschreitendem Erwerb von Kapitalgesellschaften auswirken. Die Ergebnisse zeigen, dass trotz der Einführung der Gruppenbesteuerung ein österreichischer Investor keinen höheren Grenzpreis für eine österreichische Kapitalgesellschaft zahlen kann als sein deutscher Konkurrent. Ein deutscher Investor kann sowohl auf dem österreichischen als auch auf dem deutschen Markt für Unternehmenstransaktionen einen höheren Preis zahlen. Dieses Verhältnis kehrt sich durch die Unternehmensteuerreform 2008 in Deutschland um. Nun kann der österreichische Investor auf beiden Märkten einen höheren Preis zahlen. Durch die Einführung der Abgeltungsteuer steigt die Renditeforderung des deutschen Investors und seine Zahlungsbereitschaft sinkt. So wirkt sich die Unternehmensteuerreform 2008 trotz eines sinkenden Körperschaftsteuersatzes stark negativ auf die Wettbewerbsposition eines deutschen Erwerbers einer Kapitalgesellschaft aus.

\u3ci\u3eAnoplophora Glabripennis\u3c/i\u3e Within-Tree Distribution, Seasonal Development, and Host Suitability in China and Chicago

Established populations of the Asian longhorned beetle, Anoplophora glabripennis (Motschulsky) (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), were first reported in the United States in New York in 1996, Illinois in 1998, and New Jersey in 2002. A federal quarantine and an eradication program were implemented in 1997, involving tree surveys and removal of infested trees. We recorded the number of A. glabripennis life stages found at several locations along the main trunk and major branches of naturally infested trees in China (species of Populus, Salix, and Ulmus) and Chicago, Illinois (species of Acer, Fraxinus, and Ulmus) during 1999 to 2002. Typically, A. glabripennis initiated attack near the crown base along both the trunk and main branches. The one exception to this pattern was on Populus trees in China that had branches along the entire trunk, in which case A. glabripennis initiated attack along the lower trunk. Larvae were the dominant overwintering stage in both countries. A host suitability index for A. glabripennis was calculated for each tree with the formula: (number of living life stages + number of exit holes) / number of oviposition pits. The mean host suitability index was higher on Populus and Salix than Ulmus in China, and generally higher on Acer and Ulmus than Fraxinus in Chicago. Eleven genera of trees (N = 1465 trees) were infested by A. glabripennis in Chicago; in decreasing order of tree frequency they included Acer, Ulmus, Fraxinus, Aesculus, Betula, Salix, Celtis, Malus, Pyrus, Sorbus, and Tilia. When the proportion of each genus of infested street trees (N = 958 trees in 7 genera) was compared to its proportion of all Chicago street trees based on a 2003 inventory (N = 539,613 trees in 45 genera), A. glabripennis showed a significant preference to infest the genera Acer and Ulmus. Based on our results, inspectors should focus their efforts on upper trunks and lower branches of Acer and Ulmus trees