Ocular Adnexal Lymphoma: Epidemiology and Clinical Characteristics

The aim of the study is to emphasize the frequency, clinical presentation, histopathologic features and TNM staging for each type of ocular adnexal lymphoma (OAL), and investigating treatment results and prognosis in our region. A retrospective review of 54 patients treated for primary and secondary OAL between Jan 2012 and Jan 2019 was made. Epidemiologic data, clinical characteristics of the tumor and recurrence free survival rates were evaluated. Patients with ocular adnexal lymphoma included 27 (50%) women and 27 (50%) men, with a mean age of 60.38 +/- 15.36 (range: 18-93) years at the time of presentation. Mean follow-up time was 40.88 +/- 20.75 (range 1-84) months. Histopathological diagnosis was extranodal marginal zone lymphoma in 75.9%, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in 14.8%, chronic lymphocytic leukemia/small lymphocytic lymphoma in 5.6%, mantle cell lymphoma in 1.9% and follicular cell lymphoma in 1.9% of patients. Among 54 patients with OAL 66.7% had orbital, 22.2% had conjunctival, 5.6% had orbital plus conjunctival, 3.7% had orbital plus conjunctival and choroidal, 1.9% had conjunctival plus choroidal involvement. No recurrences were observed in 87.1% of patients during their follow-up. Our data indicates patient epidemiologic data, TNM staging, most common clinical presentation and location of primary and secondary OALs from a single center

Comparison of Endoscopically Assisted Primary Probing and Bicanalicular Silicone Intubation for Congenital Nasolacrimal Duct Obstruction in Children Aged 4 to 7 Years

Purpose: To compare the clinical outcomes of primary nasolacrimal duct probing and primary bicanalicular intubations with endoscopic assistance for congenital nasolacrimal duct obstruction (CNLDO) in children aged 4 to 7 years

Demographics and etiologic characteristics of non-glaucomatous optic atrophy: a single-center cross-sectional study from Turkey

Background Optic atrophy is an end-stage pathology of optic nerve diseases that is characterized by optic nerve pallor and vision loss. Because of its sight-threatening effects, understanding its epidemiology and etiology is crucial. In this study, we aimed to determine the epidemiologic features of optic nerve pathologies which lead to optic atrophy. Methods This is a cross-sectional study in which, medical records of optic atrophy patients who were followed up in our clinic between 1999 and 2020 were evaluated. Three hundred and sixty eyes of 226 patients were included in the study. Demographic data were received from the patients' files. Patients with glaucomatous optic atrophy, consecutive optic atrophy and patients with less than a year follow-up were excluded from the study. Results The most frequent reason of optic atrophy was central nervous system diseases (27.43%) followed by secondary non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy (26.99%). The most frequent etiology of optic atrophy was non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy in males and central nerve system-related pathologies in females. The highest presentation age (mean 63.6 +/- 17.85 years) was observed in arteritic ischemic optic neuropathy and central nerve system-related optic atrophy had the lowest presentation age (median 14 years, IQR [34]). Conclusion Central nerve system diseases and non-arteritic ischemic optic neuropathies were the most common causes of non-glaucomatous and non-consecutive optic atrophy in Turkey. Better understanding of underlying etiologies of optic atrophy may lead us to take precautions timely for irreversible optic nerve dysfunction which is an important reason of blindness

An unusual ophthalmic presentation of Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome

Purpose: Wolf-Hirschhorn syndrome (WHS) is a rare inherited disease caused by the deletion in short arm of 4(th) chromosome. Various ocular manifestations in WHS have been described previously. We present an extraordinary clinical case of WHS associated with optic nerve head malformation and optic nerve sheath enlargement in the same eye

The asymptomatic ocular surface reservoir of coronavirus disease-19 in infants and retinopathy of prematurity screening during the pandemic

PURPOSE: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of conjunctival and pharyngeal swab sample positivity of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in asymptomatic preterm and term infants. We aimed to detect asymptomatic carrier potential in infants. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Patients screened for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) at our clinic between January and June 2021 were recruited for this study. For all study cases, the previous history of possible exposure or contact with SARS-CoV-2, previous history of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19), or contact with any COVID-19 case was excluded. None of the patients showed signs of COVID-19 during sample collection. Pharyngeal and conjunctival swab samples were collected before the ophthalmic examination. Nucleic acid isolation from the samples was performed using an automated system. The presence of SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the samples was screened using a real-time polymerase chain reaction kit, and the positive samples were re-evaluated for the variant virus. RESULTS: Among the 127 patients with a median age of 40 weeks (range: 34–86) of postmenstrual age, positivity for SARS-CoV-2 RNA in the pharyngeal and conjunctival samples was 5/127 (3.93%) and 3/127 (2.36%), respectively. Isolated conjunctival positivity was not observed in any of the patients, and all three patients were positive for both conjunctiva and pharynx. CONCLUSION: Asymptomatic infants may be a reservoir for SARS-CoV-2, and conjunctival infection in infants may be a source of virus transmission. Since ROP screening cannot be postponed during the pandemic, caution should be exercised to prevent the spread of the disease

Corneal Endothelial Changes in Patients With Primary Congenital Glaucoma

Precis: Specular microscopic parameters were found to be decreased in patients with primary congenital glaucoma (PCG). Patients with PCG and Haab striae had lower endothelial cell density (ECD) and central corneal thickness (CCT) than those without Haab striae did. The type of surgery (viscogoniotomy, viscotrabeculotomy, or combined viscotrabeculotomy and trabeculectomy) did not affect specular microscopic parameters

Low levels of soluble low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein 1 in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus and diabetic retinopathy

Low-density lipoprotein receptor-related protein-1 (LRP-1) is a large transmembrane receptor. LRP-1 plays a role in diverse cellular processes, including lipid metabolism, cell growth, migration, and regeneration. Soluble form of LRP-1 (sLRP-1) can be detected in serum. sLRP-1 can serve as a biomarker of atherosclerosis and cardiometabolic diseases. This study investigated the concentrations of the circulating serum sLRP-1 in patients with retinopathy and type 2 diabetes mellitus

Retinal Microvascular Changes in Internal Carotid Artery Stenosis

Purpose: We aimed to analyze retinal microvascular parameters, measured by optical coherence tomography angiography in patients with internal carotid artery stenosis compared to healthy individuals. Materials and Methods: A total of 41 eyes from 30 patients who had varying degrees of carotid stenosis, and 42 eyes from 42 healthy controls, were enrolled in this study. Depending on the degree of stenosis evaluated by Doppler ultrasonographic imaging, the patient group was further subclassified into mild, moderate, and severe carotid artery stenosis. Superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel densities, radial peripapillary capillary vessel density, foveal avascular zone, and flow densities in the choriocapillaris and outer retina were evaluated by optical coherence tomography angiography. Results: The superficial and deep capillary plexus vessel densities were significantly reduced among the groups, only sparing the foveal region. The mean superficial plexus vessel density was 45.67 ± 4.65 and 50.09 ± 4.05 for the patient and control group, respectively (p = 0.000). The mean deep capillary plexus density was 46.33% ± 7.31% and 53.27% ± 6.31% for the patient and control group, respectively (p = 0.000). The mean superficial and deep capillary vessel densities in the foveal region did not show any statistical difference between the patient and control groups (p = 0.333 for the superficial and p = 0.195 for the deep plexus vessel density). Radial peripapillary capillary vessel density was decreased in the patient group (p = 0.004). The foveal avascular zone area was wider in the patient group but this difference did not show a significant difference (p = 0.385). Conclusions: Retinal microvascular changes are a prominent outcome of internal carotid disease, and even mild stenosis can lead to alterations in the retinal microvascular bed which could be detected by OCTA. By early detection of microvascular changes in the retina in this patient group, we might speculate the overall vascular condition