Da colonização à contemporaneidade - a exploração da Mata Atlântica: uma análise da exploração económica e uma proposta de minimização dos impactos ambientais pelo ecoturismo

A presente investigação tem por intuito apresentar e descrever o bioma Mata Atlântica situado em território brasileiro, bem como seus recursos naturais, sua fauna e sua flora. Buscando compreender a colonização brasileira a qual teve no decorrer de sua história a extração de suas riquezas naturais, que passaram pelos mais variados ciclos econômicos, iniciado com o corte do pau-brasil e chegando aos dias atuais com o ciclo da soja, e as consequências devastadoras que essas atividades proporcionaram e ainda proporcionam. Posteriormente analisar o início das primeiras etapas da conscientização ambiental e o início do desenvolvimento sustentável no âmbito mundial e nacional, que resultaram nas mais variadas leis que visam o bem-estar ambiental. Observar a importância da criação de Unidades de Conservação que servem para regular, manter e preservar os biomas que estão inseridas, sendo que muitas delas ainda fazem um trabalho de educação ambiental a moradores e turistas. E por fim, tendo em vista que a Mata Atlântica sempre foi utilizada como um objeto de ganho financeiro, apresentar o ecoturismo como agente de conscientizador, buscando responder as seguintes indagações: O ecoturismo pode ser realmente posto como figura de conscientização ambiental e ainda indo além, ser uma fonte econômica viável para sua própria manutenção e contribuidor pujante para o produto interno brasileiro? Para mais, responder um questionamento maior que é: Como fazer com que a Mata Atlântica continue servindo ao país economicamente, porém sem sua degradação ambiental?The present investigation aims to present and describe the Atlantic Forest biome located in Brazilian territory, as well as its natural resources, fauna and flora. Seeking to understand the Brazilian colonization which, throughout its history, had the extraction of its natural resources, which went through the most varied economic cycles, starting with the cutting of brazilwood and reaching the present day with the soybean cycle, and the consequences devastating that these activities provided and still provide. Subsequently, analyze the beginning of the first stages of environmental awareness and the beginning of sustainable development at the global and national levels, which resulted in the most varied laws aimed at environmental well-being. Note the importance of creating Conservation Units that serve to regulate, maintain and preserve the biomes that are inserted, and many of them still carry out environmental education work for residents and tourists. And finally, considering that the Atlantic Forest has always been used as an object of financial gain, presenting ecotourism as an awareness-raising agent, seeking to answer the following questions: Can ecotourism really be put as a figure of environmental awareness and still going beyond, to be a viable economic source for its own maintenance and a powerful contributor to the Brazilian domestic product? Furthermore, answer a bigger question which is: How to make the Atlantic Forest continue to serve the country economically, but without its environmental degradation

Clinical characteristics and outcomes of hospital-manifested COVID-19 among Brazilians

ABSTRACT: Objectives: To analyze the clinical characteristics and outcomes of admitted patients with the hospital- versus community-manifested COVID-19 and to evaluate the risk factors related to mortality in the first population. Methods: This retrospective cohort included consecutive adult patients with COVID-19, hospitalized between March and September 2020. The demographic data, clinical characteristics, and outcomes were extracted from medical records. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 (study group) and those with community-manifested COVID-19 (control group) were matched by the propensity score model. Logistic regression models were used to verify the risk factors for mortality in the study group. Results: Among 7,710 hospitalized patients who had COVID-19, 7.2% developed symptoms while admitted for other reasons. Patients with hospital-manifested COVID-19 had a higher prevalence of cancer (19.2% vs 10.8%) and alcoholism (8.8% vs 2.8%) than patients with community-manifested COVID-19 and also had a higher rate of intensive care unit requirement (45.1% vs 35.2%), sepsis (23.8% vs 14.5%), and death (35.8% vs 22.5%) (P <0.05 for all). The factors independently associated with increased mortality in the study group were increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer. Conclusion: Hospital-manifested COVID-19 was associated with increased mortality. Increasing age, male sex, number of comorbidities, and cancer were independent predictors of mortality among those with hospital-manifested COVID-19 disease