Comercialização, dispensação e prescrição de Nutracêuticos antioxidantes por farmacêuticos: Marketing, dispensing and prescription of antioxidant Nutraceutics by pharmacists

OBJETIVO: O presente estudo busca elencar nutracêuticos comercializados em Drogarias na cidade de Goiânia, Brasil e avaliar o grau de conhecimento do profissional farmacêutico sobre o uso destes produtos, boas práticas de armazenamento, orientações para a dispensação e prescrição farmacêutica. MÉTODOS: Pesquisa quantitativa, observacional do tipo transversal, realizado por meio de um questionário eletrônico distribuído aos farmacêuticos nas farmácias comunitárias, localizadas na região sul em Goiânia- Goiás. No período de 15 de julho a 15 de agosto de 2021. Na ocasião foi realizado a visita e entrevista a 30 farmácias ¬¬nas quais foram entrevistados 30 farmacêuticos. RESULTADOS: Verificamos que os nutracêuticos mais vendidos foram, destacadamente: Propolis (Apis melífera), Maca Peruana (Lepidium meyeni) Alho (Allium sativum), e os indicados/ SEM PRESCRIÇÃO pelo farmacêutico; Propolis, Cranberry (Vaccnium macrocarpom) e Maca Peruana e prescritos Alho, Cha verde (Camellia sinensis) e Açafrão (Curcuma longa). CONCLUSÕES: A resolução nº 586 objetivou permitir aos farmacêuticos habilitados prescrever terapias farmacológicas. Identificamos que 46,7% nunca prescreveu um MIP, e 43,3% nunca prescreveu nutracêuticos, o que ultrapassa 60% dos entrevistados que nunca realizou uma prescrição farmacêutica., observa-se grande número de usuários de nutracêuticos sem o acompanhamento de um profissional habilitado, seja o farmacêutico ou nutricionista.  É importante ressaltar que nenhum dos profissionais avaliados fizeram a prescrição de nutracêuticos. Essa atividade necessita ser implementada, pois embora haja a garantia legal para a realização da prescrição pelo farmacêutico, ainda não se observa na rotina de trabalho do farmacêutico a realização dessa atribuição clínica.&nbsp

Effects of Standardized Brazilian Green Propolis Extract (EPP-AF®) on Inflammation in Haemodialysis Patients: A Clinical Trial

Background. Patients on haemodialysis (HD) present a significant inflammatory status, which has a pronounced negative impact on their outcomes. Propolis is a natural resin with anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. We assessed the safety and impact of a standardized Brazilian green propolis extract (EPP-AF®) on the inflammatory status in patients under conventional HD. Methods. Patients were assigned to receive 200 mg/day of EPP-AF® for 4 weeks followed by 4 weeks without the drug, and changes in plasma levels of interleukins (ILs), interferon gamma (IFN-γ), tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and high-sensitivityc-reactive protein (HsCRP) were measured. A heatmap was used to illustrate trends in data variation. Results. In total, 37 patients were included in the final analysis. Patients presented an exacerbated inflammatory state at baseline. During EPP-AF® use, there was a significant reduction in IFN-γ (p=0.005), IL-13 (p=0.04 2), IL-17 (p=0.039), IL-1ra (p=0.008), IL-8 (p=0.009), and TNF-α (p < 0.001) levels compared to baseline, and significant changes were found in Hs-CRP levels. The heatmap demonstrated a pattern of pronounced proinflammatory status at baseline, especially in patients with primary glomerulopathies, and a clear reduction in this pattern during the use of EPP-AF®. There was a tendency to maintain this reduction after suspension of EPP-AF®. No significant side effects were observed. Conclusion. Patients under haemodialysis presented a pronounced inflammatory status, and EPP-AF® was demonstrated to be safe and associated with a significant and maintained reduction in proinflammatory cytokines in this population. This trial is registered with Clinicaltrials.gov NCT04072341

NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES: a data set on carnivore distribution in the Neotropics

Mammalian carnivores are considered a key group in maintaining ecological health and can indicate potential ecological integrity in landscapes where they occur. Carnivores also hold high conservation value and their habitat requirements can guide management and conservation plans. The order Carnivora has 84 species from 8 families in the Neotropical region: Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Otariidae; Phocidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae. Herein, we include published and unpublished data on native terrestrial Neotropical carnivores (Canidae; Felidae; Mephitidae; Mustelidae; Procyonidae; and Ursidae). NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES is a publicly available data set that includes 99,605 data entries from 35,511 unique georeferenced coordinates. Detection/non-detection and quantitative data were obtained from 1818 to 2018 by researchers, governmental agencies, non-governmental organizations, and private consultants. Data were collected using several methods including camera trapping, museum collections, roadkill, line transect, and opportunistic records. Literature (peer-reviewed and grey literature) from Portuguese, Spanish and English were incorporated in this compilation. Most of the data set consists of detection data entries (n = 79,343; 79.7%) but also includes non-detection data (n = 20,262; 20.3%). Of those, 43.3% also include count data (n = 43,151). The information available in NEOTROPICAL CARNIVORES will contribute to macroecological, ecological, and conservation questions in multiple spatio-temporal perspectives. As carnivores play key roles in trophic interactions, a better understanding of their distribution and habitat requirements are essential to establish conservation management plans and safeguard the future ecological health of Neotropical ecosystems. Our data paper, combined with other large-scale data sets, has great potential to clarify species distribution and related ecological processes within the Neotropics. There are no copyright restrictions and no restriction for using data from this data paper, as long as the data paper is cited as the source of the information used. We also request that users inform us of how they intend to use the data

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data