Antiangiogenic Activity of Mononuclear Copper(II) Polypyridyl Complexes for the Treatment of Cancers

A series of four new mononuclear copper­(II) polypyridyl complexes (<b>1</b>–<b>4</b>) have been designed, developed, and thoroughly characterized by several physicochemical techniques. The CT-DNA binding properties of <b>1</b>–<b>4</b> have been investigated by absorption, emission spectroscopy, and viscosity measurements. All the complexes especially <b>1</b> and <b>4</b> exhibit cytotoxicity toward several cancer cell lines, suggesting their anticancer properties as observed by several in vitro assays. Additionally, the complexes show inhibition of endothelial cell (HUVECs) proliferation, indicating their antiangiogenic nature. In vivo chick embryo angiogenesis assay again confirms the antiangiogenic properties of <b>1</b> and <b>4</b>. The formation of excessive intracellular ROS (H₂O₂ and O₂^•–) and upregulation of BAX induced by copper­(II) complexes may be the plausible mechanisms behind their anticancer activities. The present study may offer a basis for the development of new transition metal complexes through suitable choice of ligands for cancer therapeutics by controlling tumor angiogenesis