MORPHOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS AND MOTOR ABILITIES OF HIGH-SCHOOL BOYS WITH DIFFERENT LEVELS OF ENGAGEMENT IN PHYSICAL ACTIVITIES

Abstract: Everyday activities of humans are greatly conditioned by their motor functioning, among other things. The modern lifestyle is determined by the high technology development which, through automation, makes life and work somehow easier to a man, on the one hand, and on the other he is denied physical activity and realization of his physical potential. The overall orientation of the research problem is focused on the physical activity of boys from the aspect of different levels of motor engagement and its impact on morphological characteristics and motor abilities with an intention to determine whether there are statistically significant differences between groups. In a sample of 67 students, aged 17-18 years (± 6 months) were divided into three sub-samples according to the level of physical activity: high (26), moderate (22) and low (19). The study carried out was of transversal character. The data obtained in the survey were analyzed using univariate and multivariate statistical methods. The results obtained indicate the existence of the statistically significant differences between groups in terms of motor skills, at the level of significance of p<0.05, while regarding morphological characteristics statistically significant differences between groups were not observed.Keywords: morphological characteristics, motor abilities, physical activity, older school age, boys

Relationship between cognitive abilities and manual coordination and balance in preschool children

Background: The purpose of this research was to investigate the relationship between cognitive abilities and manual coordination and balance in preschool children. Methods: The sample consisted of 41 preschool children aged 6.4±0.8 on average, of both sexes (30 boys and 11 girls). On top of their regular preschool activities, the children attended a school of sports for preschool children - multisport activities and exercises, twice a week. The sample of measuring instruments comprised 4 motor tests (One-leg stand test, Mann’s test, Finger to nose, Front raises) and 2 cognitive tests (Raven's Colored Progressive Matrices, Cognitive Assessment System). Data was analyzed by applying Linear and Binary logistic regression analysis. Results: Based on the results of the research, one may conclude that there is a statistically significant relation between cognitive abilities and manual coordination in the tested sample of preschool children. The defined predictor system, which consisted of cognitive tests, showed a significant relationship with the hand coordination test, which was assessed by the Finger to Nose test with the eyes closed. A significant contribution to the established relation was given by the G factor estimated by Raven's colored progressive matrices. Conclusions: Physical activities contribute to the development of motor skills and thus to the development of some cognitive abilities in children, which is of great importance for their further development

EFFECTS OF RESISTANCE TRAINING COMBINED WITH WHEY PROTEIN AND CARBOHYDRATES SUPPLEMENTATION ON BODY COMPOSITION AND STRENGTH IN YOUNG ADULT MEN

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects of whey protein vs carbohydrate supplementation during eight weeks of resistance training on body composition and strength in young adult men. Fifteen young adult men (age 21±5 years; body height: 178.63±4.1 cm; body mass 81.73 ± 4.97 kg) were randomly assigned to three groups: a whey protein group (WP; 1g/kg immediately after resistance training, n=5), a carbohydrates group (CHO; 30g during and 30g immediately after resistance training, n=5) or a control group (K; n=5) for 8 weeks of resistance training. All the participants were tested for each of the following body composition parameters: body mass (BM), fat free mass (FFM), fat mass (FM), glycogen mass (GM), muscle mass (MM), total body water (TBW), extracellular water (EW), intracellular water (IW). Also, the participants were assessed for muscle strength 1RM bench press, 1RM squat, 1RM shoulder press and maximum pull-ups. Data were analyzed with a two-way mixed model ANOVA (p<0.05). The results indicated that the WP group decreased FM, increased MM and had greater results for the 1RM squat than the CHO and K group (p<0.05). The CHO group improved their results for the 1RM bench press, 1RM squat and 1RM seated barbell press behind the neck and decreased FM more than the K group (p<0.05). In conclusion, young adult men who consumed whey protein during 8 weeks of resistance training achieved greater effects on body composition and strength than adult men who consumed carbohydrates supplementation during 8 weeks of resistance training or young adult men who trained 8 weeks without supplementation

DIFFERENCES IN MOTOR STATUS OF CHILDREN OF DIFFERENT SEX IN SCHOOL VOLLEYBALL

On a sample of 45 children (25 girls and 20 boys) age of 9 to 11, who have been training volleyball (one to three years) in the club "Sportisimo pajp" in Novi Sad, were applied four motor tests. The aim of this research was to determine differences in the motor status of children of different sex in the school volleyball. Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) determined a statistically significant difference in the whole system of analyzed motor variables depending on the sex on studied sample of child¬ren. Univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that girls had better results in va¬riables of flexibility and agility. Boys are better in standing long jump, while sta¬tistically significant differences between means in the speed of alternative movements between girls and boys the not found

ICT Skills of University Students from the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Background: (1) The COVID-19 pandemic has generated significant changes in teaching methods around the world, and the ideal of online education has become a reality. (2) Methods: A questionnaire was modified for this study in order to determine the following levels of Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) skills: file creation, file management, the use of emails, the use of the internet, and online communication. In total, 360 students from the Faculty of Sports and Physical Education (FSPE), University of Novi Sad, participated in the study. (3) Results: The results show that there are differences between the estimated level of ICT skills and the ICT skills used in online education, such that students estimate their level of ICT skills as being higher than is necessary for online education (p &lt; 0.05). There is also a correlation between the satisfaction with online education and ICT skills, showing that students with higher ICT knowledge are more satisfied with online education (p &lt; 0.05). There is another correlation between the satisfaction with online education and the frequency of ICT use—the more ICTs are included, the more satisfied the students will be (p &lt; 0.05). (4) Conclusions: The results of this study can serve as a recommendation for the implementation of FSPE students’ training in ICT skills, as well as an important basis for the systematic creation, improvement, and sustainability of online education in universities

THE INCIDENCE OF POSTURAL DISORDERS WITH REGARD TO DEGREE OF NUTRITIONAL STATUS IN ADOLESCENTS

The aim of this research was to analyze postural disorders and nutritional status in adolescents, and to compare the incidence of postural disorders with regard to category of nutritional status and gender dimorphism. The sample of subjects comprised of 305 adolescents, 11 - 14 years old, of both gender (158 girls and 147 boys), students of the primary school from Vojvodina. Postural status was assessed by Napoleon Volanski method. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by standard procedure. In establishment of differences in postural status, with regard to the age and the gender dimorphism, we used χ2 test. In order to establish differences in cumulative evaluation of postural status, we applied rank-sum Mann-Whitney Z-test. In establishment of differences in groups of subjects formed on the basis of degree of nutritional status, we applied Kruskall-Wollis test. The survey results show a statistically significant difference acording to the gender, in subjects aged 13 to 14 years, and a significant positive correlation of these two indicators

THE LEVEL OF PUPILS KNOWLEDGE DEPENDING OF TEACHING PROGRAM

At the sample of 117 schoolgirls, 10 years old (+-6 monts), the experimental reserch had been applaid. The goal was to reserch the influence of two different teaching program to the level of pupils knowledge (motor skills). Differences of the level of knowledge were tested by multivariat analisis of variance, discrimniative analisis, as wel as the differences for every variable by univariat analisis of variance. It was concluded that there were the significant statistical difference in pupils knowledge depending of teaching program

INDEKS TELESNE MASE I MOTORNA KOORDINACIJA DEČAKA I DEVOJČICA UZRASTA OD 7 DO 9 GODINA

The aim of this paper is to examine the differences in the overall level of motor coordination between groups of children with different nutritional status. In total, 418 participants of both sexes, aged 7-9, took part in the study. The participants were classified based on their nutritional status into one of four groups: underweight, normal weight, overweight, and obese, according to the International Obesity Task Force. The motor coordination of the participants was assessed using the KTK (Körpercoordination test für Kinder) battery of tests and total point scores were calculated for each age category. The Kruskal-Wallis test was used to examine the differences in the overall motor coordination between groups of participants. Statistical significance was set at the p≤.05 level. The results revealed statistically significant differences in the overall level of motor coordination between all the examined groups of boys with different nutritional status aged 7, 8 and 9. The results of the Mann-Whitney test showed statistically significant differences between all three age groups of boys (7-, 8- and 9-year-olds) in favor of the normal weight groups. The Kruskal-Wallis test revealed no statistically significant differences in the case of the girls. The results of the Mann-Whitney test revealed statistically significant differences between all three age groups of girls (7-, 8- and 9-year-olds) in favor of the normal weight groups. The obtained results showed statistically significantly poorer motor coordination in boys and girls with higher values of body mass index compared to boys and girls with normal body weight across all age groups.Cilj ovog rada je da se ispitaju razlike na ukupnom nivou motorne koordinacije između grupa dece sa različitim nutritivnim statusom, U istraživanju je učestvovalo 418 dece oba pola, uzrasta od 7 do 9 godina. Ispitanici su klasifikovani na osnovu nutritivnog statusa u jednu od četiri grupe (pothranjena, sa normalnom telesnom masom, sa prekomernom telesnom masom i gojazna), prema Međunarodnoj radnoj grupi za gojaznost. Motorna koordinacija učesnika je procenjena korišćenjem KTK (Korpercoordination test fur Kinder) baterije testova, a ukupni broj bodova je izračunat za svaku uzrasnu kategoriju. Kruskal-Wallis test je korišćen za ispitivanje razlika u ukupnoj motornoj koordinaciji između grupa ispitanika. Statistička značajnost je određena na nivou p≤.05. Rezultati Kruskal-Wallis-ovog testa pokazali su statistički značajne razlike u ukupnom nivou motorne koordinacije između svih ispitivanih grupa dečaka sa različitim nutritivnim statusom i uzrasta od 7 do 9 godina. Rezultati Mann-Whitney testa su pokazali statistički značajne razlike između sve tri starosne grupe dječaka (7-mo, 8-mo i 9-to godišnjaka) u korist normalnih težinskih grupa. Kruskal-Wallis-ovim testom nisu utvrđene statistički značajne razlike u kod devojčica. Rezultati Mann-Whitney testa otkrili su statistički značajne razlike između sve tri uzrasne grupe djevojčica (7-mo, 8-mo i 9-to godišnjaka) u korist normalnih težinskih grupa. Dobijeni rezultati pokazali su statistički značajno lošiju motoričku koordinaciju dečaka i devojčica sa višim vrednostima indeksa telesne mase u odnosu na dečake i devojčice s normalnom telesnom masom u svim uzrasnim grupama

The effect of whole-body vibration and resistance training on muscle strength in a 13-year-old boy with m. biceps femoris lesion and posttraumatic calcification

Introduction. Skeletal muscle atrophy is a common adaptation after major muscle lesion of m. biceps femoris that results in numerous health-sport related complications. Resistance strength training and whole-body vibration (WBV) have been recognized as an effective tool, which attenuates atrophy and evokes hypertrophy. Case report. We presented a 13-year-old boy with a lesion of m. biceps femoris and posttraumatic calcification sustained in soccer training session 6 month prior participation in this study. The patient underwent training 3 times a week for 7 weeks, including unilateral progressive WBV + resistance training (RT) of the right hamstrings muscle group using WBV and weights. Hamstrings muscle strength was measured using a Cybex isokinetic dynamometer. At the end of week 4, the patient peak torque value of the involved leg increased from 39% body weight (BW) to 72% BW and bilateral deficit decreased from -64% to -35%; at the end of week 7 the participant’s peak torque value of the involved leg increased from 72% BW to 98% BW and bilateral deficit decreased from -35% to -3%, respectively. Conclusion. Unilateral WBV + RT protocol evokes strength increase in the hamstrings muscle group. This case study suggests that adding WBV, as well as the RT program have to be considered in the total management of strength disbalance. Further studies are needed to verify the efficiency of WBV + RT protocol over the classic physical therapy exercise program

EFFECTS OF SWIMMING TECHIQUES ON FINAL RESULT IN 200M INDIVIDUAL MEDLEY

Swimming results are permanently improving. Results in individual medley disciplines are also improving. Individual medley disciplines are consist of all four swimming techiques. Results in these disciplines depende amongother things, on the swimming quality in all techniques. In 200m individual medley, each techinque implies 50m swimming, in following order: butterfly, backstroke, breast stroke and free style. The aim of this paper is to determine individual affect of each swimming technique on 200m individual medley final result. Reasearh was based on the achieved times of 30 male and 30 female swimmers who participated in 200m individual medley qualifications on European chanpionship - Szczecin 2011, Poland. According to adequate statistical methods and analysis of results, certain conclusions will be derive