Welding Fumes Exposure Decreases Forced Vital Capacity But Not Height Among Welders

Background: Welding fumes caused the decreasing of forced vital capacity (FVC). The study aimed to identify several factors related to FVC.Methods: The subject of this cross-sectional study consisted of welders in an automobile manufacture outskirt of Jakarta in 2012. We used purposive sampling selection. The assessments of FVC were using spirometri. Exposure fumes value of the workplace based on the assessements of the factory. Demographic and employment data was selected from interview.Results: A number 124 out of 150 welders which aged between 19-55 years who\u27s had 1-16 years worked. Exposure fumes value was 15 mg/m3 in the factory. The welding fume exposure decreased FVC [regressioncoeffi cient (r) = -0.004; 95% confi dence interval (CI) = -0.01;-0.00]. On the other site, those who had more taller height had higher FVC (r = 0.035; 95% CI = 0.02;0.05).Conclusions: Welding fumes exposure was decreasing the FVC, but those who had more taller height had higher FVC among welders. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:41-4

Welding Fumes Exposure, Body Mass Index and Duration of Smoking Decrease Physical Fi Tness Among Welders

Background: Welding fumes exposure caused health disorders, one of them are decreasing the level of physical fi tness. This study aimed to analyze the effect of welding fumes exposure with the level of welder'sphysical fi tness.Methods: This cross-sectional using purposive selected by sampling selection method among welders in the muffl er factory at outskirt of Jakarta in 2012. Several characteristic demography, occupational history,and habits were obtained through interview. Welding fumes exposure obtained by semi quantitative method. Physical fi tness was obtained by physical examination using Queen's College Step Test.Results: The total of subjects in this study were 110 people, 19-55 years of age, total duration of work between 1-16 years. We found that there were no signifi cant association between the age and physical activity of respondents with the level of welder physical fi tness. We noted negative correlation between the total fume exposure, body mass index, duration of smoking habits and the level of welder physical fi tness. The correlation were: the total fume exposure [regression coeffi cient (r)= -0,07; 95% confi dence interval (CI)= -0,10;-0,04]; body mass index (r= -0,38; 95% CI= -0,64;-0,09); and duration of smoking habits (r= -0,16; 95% CI= -0,28;-0,04).Conclusion: Increase in total welding fumes exposure, body mass index, and duration of smoking habit will be decrease welder physical fi tness. (Health Science Indones 2012;1:37-40

Several Factors Increased Job Dissatisfaction Among Medical Doctors in Indonesia

Background:Several factors of work stressors may increase a person's job dissatisfaction level. This study aimed to identify several dominant factors related to job dissatisfaction among medical doctors. Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted in April-July 2011. Subjects consisted of postgraduate students and faculty members of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Indonesia. Linear regression was used to analyze the data. Results: The participants consisted of 306 subjects, aged 23-47 years old, the majority were female (61.4%), married, current/previous work was in health services, government officials and never had stress management training. Job dissatisfaction level related to seven factors, the highest was having lack of support from superiors and the lowest was being required to provide services outside normal working hours. One point of having lack of support from superiors increased job dissatisfaction by 1.26 [regression coeffisient (β) = 1.26; P=0.000); one point of being required to provide services outside normal working hours increased job dissatisfaction by 0.61 point (β= 0.6; P=0.001).Conclusion:Lack of superiors' support and interaction with colleagues, role organization ambiguity, bureaucratic procedures, having to provide services outside normal working hours, and inadequate feedback from patients all increased job dissatisfaction. (Health Science Indones 2013;1:11-6

Total Flight Hours, Eating Fatty Foods Habits and Risk of Obesity Among Civil Pilots in Indonesia

Background:Obesity in pilots may be related to total flight hours and other risk factors. This study aimed to identify the relationship between total flight hours and other factors to obesity in civil pilots in Indonesia. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done with purposive sampling among pilots in Indonesia undergoing periodic medical check up in 14-24 May at Aviation Medical Center Jakarta. Data collected were several demographic and work characteristics, eating habits, exercise habits, height, and weight. Data were collected by interview and physical examination. Subjects were classified normal and obese according to the WHO standard for obesity. Analysis was carried out by Cox regression with constant time. Results:There were 612 pilots undergoing the periodic medical check up, aged 19-61 years. For this analysis were available 112 male subjects, consisting of 33 obese pilots and 79 with normal body weight. Total flight hours and eating fatty food habit were dominant risk factors for obesity. Pilots who had 2000-24361 total flight hours compared with who had 60-1999 hours had 3.8-fold risk to be obese [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 3.83; P = 0.000]. Furthermore, compared with pilots who did not have eating fatty food habit, those who had eating fatty food habit had 2-fold risk to be obese pilot [RRa = 2.03; 95% confidence interval (CI) = 0.95-4.29; P = 0.064]. Conclusion: Total flight hours for 2000 or more and eating fatty foods habits increased the risk of obesity among male civilian pilot in Indonesia. (Health Science Indones 2013;2:55-8

The Effect of Workload and Other Risk Factors of Metabolic Syndrome Among Short-haul Commercial Pilots in Indonesia

Background: Metabolic syndrome (MS) could cause sudden incapacitation among pilots in Indonesia.The aim of this study was to identify risk factors of MS among short-haul commercial pilots in Indonesia.Methods: A cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was conducted among commercial pilotstaking medical examination at the Civil Aviation Medical Center, Jakarta from July 27-August 30th,2014. Metabolic syndrome was assessed according to the National Cholesterol Education Program AdultTreatment panel III criteria and criteria. Risk factors were collected using anonymous self-reportingquestionnaire. The laboratory data were extracted from medical records. Cox regression was used toidentify dominant risk factors of MS.Results: During data collection, 2135 pilots taking medical examination, Total male Asian pilots metthe inclusion criteria was 864 pilots. Prevalence of MS was 18.28%. Compared to 20-35 year-old group,subjects aged 56-65 years-old had 88% higher risk for MS [adjusted relative risk (RRa) = 1.88; P = 0.019].In term of number of sectors in the last 24 hours, compared to 0-3 sectors, subjects who had 6-7 sectors inthe last 24 hours had 66% higher risk for MS (RRa = 1.66; P = 0.033), while subjects who had 8 or moresectors in 24 hours had 82% more risk for MS (RRa = 1.82; P = 0.072).Conclusions: The pilot aged 56-65 years-old, who had 6 or more sectors in the last 24 hours, had higherrisk for metabolic syndrome among short-haul commercial pilots in Indonesia. (Health Science Journalof Indonesia 2015;6:81-6

Type of Flight and Other Factors Related to Plain Water Consumption Habit Among Civilian Pilots in Indonesia

Background: Pilots could risk mild dehydration that would affect cognitive performance and flight safety, so they should have adequate plain water consumption. The purpose of this study was to determine the dominant factor associated with plain water consumption habit among civilian pilots. Methods: A cross-sectional study using secondary data of Healthy Habits Survey on civilian pilot in Indonesia 2016. The data collected were demographic, job characteristics, knowledge, fruit and vegetable consumption habit, physical activity and body mass index (BMI). Plain water consumption habit was categorized adequate if water consumption ≥ 8 glasses / day (@ glass = 250 ml) and inadequate when <8 glasses / day. Type of flight was categorized short haul (<2 hours), medium haul (2-6 hours), long haul (> 6 hours). Data was analyzed using Cox regression with constant time. Results: Out of 644 data, 528 met inclusion criteria. Type of flights, knowledge about hydration, physical activity and body mass index were dominant factors associated with plain water consumption habit. Compared to short haul flight, pilots with medium haul flight were 16 % more consume adequate plain water, [RRa = 1.16; p = 0.045]. Compared to poor knowledge, pilots with good knowledge were 20% higher to consume adequate plain water [RRa = 1.2; p = 0.006]. Compared to sedentary, active pilots were 34% higher to consume adequate plain water [RRa= 1,34; IK95% 1,16-1,54; p= 0,000]. Compared to pilots whose BMI <18,5kg/m2, pilots with BMI 18,5-23 kg/m2 and BMI > 23 kg/m2 were respectively 4,14 times [RRa= 4,15; IK95% 1,15-14,88 ; p= 0,029] and 4,33 times [RRa= 4,33; IK95% 1,20-15,59; p= 0,025] higher to have adequate plain water consumption habit. Conclusion: Civilian pilots who operate in medium haul flight, had good knowledge about hydration, active physical activity and BMI ≥ 18.5 kg/m2 had more adequate plain water consumption habit. (Health Science Journal of Indonesia 2016;7(2):123-128

Purser Support and the Tendency of Depression Among Civil Female Flight Attendants in Indonesia

Background: Depression can occur in female flight attendants. The purpose of this study was to findthe correlationbetween purser support and other factors with depression among female civil flight attendants in Indonesia.Methods: This cross-sectional study with purposive sampling was carried out on female civilian flightattendantsundergoing routine medical check up at the Civil Aviation Medical Center Jakarta from May12to18, 2014. Those taking antidepressants or benzodiazepines,ordrink alcohol more than 3 times a day,were excluded for this study. Depression was measured using the Beck Depression Inventory Questionnaire.Purser support, co-workers support, support outside workand mental workload were measured using theNIOSH Generic Job Stress Questionnaire. Risk factors for depression were analyzed using linear regression.Results: Out of 242 female flight attendants undergoing routine medical check up, 145 persons met thestudy criteria. Purser support, support outside work, as well as mental workload were the dominant riskfactors related to depression among female civilian flight attendants. One point increase of purser support,decreaseddepression by 0.552 point [regression coefficient (β) = -0.552; p = 0.033]. One point increase ofsupport outside work, decreaseddepression by 1.191 points [β = -1.191; p = 0.000]. On the other hand, onepoint increase of mental workload, increaseddepression by 0.549 point (β = 0.549; p = 0.045).Conclusion: Increased purser and outside of worksupportsdecreased the risk of depression, however, moremental work load increased depression among civilian flight attendants in Indonesia. (Health ScienceJournal of Indonesia 2015;6:76-80