Peranan Mulsa Dalam Meningkatkan Pertumbuhan Dan Produksi Cabai Melalui Modifikasi Kondisi Fisik Di Dalam Tanah

Soil is growing media for plant growth. It preserves water and nutrients for plants. The physical changes in soil affect the life of roots and plant performances. The goal of research was to change physical condition in soil through mulching for increasing pepper plant production. Land for pepper cultivation was mulched using rice straws and plastic sheet (PE). Physical condition such as soil suhue and humidity and content of organic matters in the soil were measured or examined. Also, production components such as plant height and stalk diameter were measured as well as fruit production. The result showed that mulching increased significantly soil suhue and humidity as well as content of organic matters in the soil. Mulching increased plat height, diameter of stalk, and fruit production, especially in using rice straws Therefore, mulching have a role in increasing growth and production pepper fruit through modification of physical condition in soil

Analisis Daya Hasil, Mutu, Dan Respons Pengguna Terhadap Klon 380584.3, TS-2, FBA-4, I-1085, Dan MF-II Sebagai Bahan Baku Keripik Kentang

Penelitian bertujuan mendapatkan klon kentang olahan yang cocok sebagai bahan baku keripik yang dapat diterima oleh industri sekaligus disukai petani dan konsumen. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah RAK dengan empat ulangan 30 tanaman per plot. Waktu penelitian tahun 2001-2003. Penelitian partisipatif dilakukan bersama petani, pemasok, agroindustri, dan industri rumah tangga serta dilakukan juga penelitian partisipatif preferensi konsumen. Jumlah klon yang diuji pada penelitian partisipatif sebanyak 12 klon kentang olahan baru ditambah tiga varietas pembanding. Penelitian partisipatif dilakukan di Pangalengan (Jawa Barat), Banjarnegara (Jawa Tengah), dan Tosari Bromo (Jawa Timur). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa klon 380584.3, TS-2, FBA-4, I-1085, dan MF-II dikategorikan tahan terhadap serangan penyakit busuk daun dan nematoda bengkak akar (Meloidogyne spp.). Hasil yang dicapai pada 10 lokasi penelitian adalah klon 380584.3 (33,5 t/ha), TS-2 (22,4 t/ha), FBA-4 (28,1 t/ha), I-1085 (25,3 t/ha), dan MF-II (30,1 t/ha). Berdasarkan penerimaan pengguna, klon FBA-4, TS-2, dan MF-II cocok sebagai bahan baku industri besar keripik, sedang klon 380584.3 dan I-1085 cocok untuk industri kecil dan menengah.Analysis of yield potency, quality, and user acceptance of potato clones 380584.3, TS-2, FBA-4, I-1085, and MF-II as raw material for chips. The aim of the research is to obtain potato clones as raw material for chips which preferred by agroindustry, farmers and consumers. Statistical used was RCBD with four replications. A plot consisted of 30 plants. The multy location trials started from 2001 until 2003. Participatory research done with farmers, supplier, agroindustry, homeindustry, and consumers preferences. Number clones tested in participatory plot were 15 clones including three varieties check. Participatory plot were carried out at Pangalengan (West Java), Banjarnegara (Central Java), and Tosari, Bromo (East Java). The results showed that clones 380584.3, TS-2, FBA-4, I-1085, and MF-II were tolerant to late blight and root knot nematodes (Meloidogyne spp.). Tuber yield obtained for clones 380584.3 (33.5 t/ha), TS-2 (22.4 t/ha), FBA-4 (28.1 t/ha), I-1085 (25.3 t/ha), and MF-II (30.1 t/ha). According to the user, clones TS-2, MF- II, and FBA-4 were suitable as raw material for chip industry, whereas clones 380584.3 and I-1085 were selected by small industry

Analisis Kelulushidupan Dan Pertumbuhan Benih Ikan Nila Saline Strain Pandu (Oreochromis Niloticus) Yang Di Pelihara Di Tambak Tugu, Semarang Dengan Kepadatan Berbeda

Padat penebaran merupakan hal yang penting dalam USAha penampungan dan pendederan karena akan mempengaruhi oksigen terlarut dan ammonia. Kepadatan yang tinggi maka oksigen terlarut akan berkurang, sebaliknya ammonia akan semakin bertambah akibat buangan metabolisme ikan dan juga sisa pakan. Kondisi tersebut merupakan tekanan lingkungan yang dapat menyebabkan Kenyamanan ikan menjadi terganggu. Pertumbuhan akan terhambat karena energi yang seharusnya digunakan untuk petumbuhan dipakai ikan untuk mempertahankan dirinya dari tekanan lingkungan. Penelitian dilakukan bertujuan untuk mengetahui pengaruh Kepadatan yang berbeda terhadap pertumbuhan benih ikan nila Pandu (O. niloticus) dan juga untuk mengetahui kepadatan yang terbaik untuk kelulushidupan (SR) dan pertumbuhan pada benih nila Pandu (O. niloticus) yang dipelihara di tambak. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan selama 40 hari pengamatan, dimulai dari bulan April sampai dengan Mei 2013 di, tambak desa Tapak kecamatan Tugu, Semarang. Ikan uji yang digunakan adalah benih ikan nila Pandu (O. niloticus) berukuran 3 - 5 cm (D20-D60) dengan bobot 0,58 g. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah Metode Eksprimen lapangan dengan menggunakan pola Rancangan Acak Lengkap (RAL) dengan 3 perlakuan dan masing – masing 3 kali ulangan. Perbedaan padat penebaran pada setiap perlakuan A, B, dan C masing- masing adalah 15 atau 9 ekor/m2, 25 atau 15 ekor/m2, dan 35 atau 21 ekor/m2 yang dipeliharan di tambak dengan menggunakan hapa. Ikan diberi pakan 5% dari berat biomassa ikan pada pagi, siang, sore hari pukul 08.00, 12.00, dan 16.00 WIB. Variabel yang diuji adalah laju pertumbuhan spesifik (SGR), kelulushidupan (SR), Tingkat Produksi konversi pakan (FCR) dan kualitas air. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa padat penebaran tidak berbeda nyata (P<0,05) terhadap kelululushidupan, namun berbeda sangat nyata terhadap (P>0,01) pertumbuhan, tingkat produksi, dan rasio konversi pakan. Nilai laju pertumbuhan spesifik untuk masing-masing perlakuan A, B, dan C yaitu (6,94±0,028%), (6,23±0,041%), dan (5,63±0,003%). Nilai kelulushidupan untuk masing-masing perlakuan A, B, dan C yaitu (97,78±3,85%), (97,33±2,31%), dan (97,14±2,86%). nilai tingkat produksi untuk masing-masing perlakuan A,B,dan C adalah (99,96±7,14 g), (178,98±10,96 g), (257,56±16,67 g) Nilai FCR untuk masing-masing perlakuan A, B, dan C yaitu adalah (0,58±0.04), (0,75±0,04), dan (0,89±0,06). Hasil pengukuran parameter kualitas air untuk suhu berkisar antara 26 – 310C, Salinitas 12 – 14 ppt; pH 7,97 – 8,69; DO 3,25 – 3,78 mg/l; dan amonia 0,02 – 0,04 mg/l. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian dapat disimpulkan bahwa kelulushidupan dan pertumbuhan terbaik dengan kepadatan 15 atau 9 ekor/m2. Density stocking important thing deep relocation effort and Nursery because will regard dissolved oxygen and ammonia. Tall density therefore dissolved oxygen will decrease, on the contrary ammonia will get buangan's effect crescent metabolite fishes out and also residuary weft. Condition of that constitute environment pressure that can cause fish convenience becomes to be troubled. Growth will be constrained since energy that necessarily been utilized for Growth is used fishes out to keep her of environment pressure. Conducted research aimed to determine the effect of different density on the growth of Tilapia Pandu (Oreochromis niloticus) and also to determine the best density for survival rate (SR) and growth in Tilapia Pandu strain seed (Oreochromis niloticus) were kept in fish ponds. The research was carried out during 40 days of observation, starting from April to May 2013 in desa tapak, Tugu district, Semarang. Test fish used are Tilapia Pandu (Oreochromis niloticus) fairish 3-5 cm (D 20 -D 60 ) with wight 0,58 g. The Eksprimen's method field used in this study is completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and each of 3 replications. Differences in stocking density on each treatment A, B, and C, respectively 15 or 9 fish/m2, 25 or 15 fish/m2, and 35 or 21 fish/m2 were keep in the ponds by using hapa. The fish were fed 5% of the fish biomass at 08:00, 12:00, and 16:00 pm. Variables tested is specific growth rate (SGR), survival rate (SR), feed conversion ratio (FCR), production level and water quality.The results showed that stocking density had no effect (P <0.05) against survival rate, but highly significant effect (P> 0.01) growth rate. Value of the specific growth rate for each treatment A, B, and C are (6.94 ± 0.028%), (6.23 ± 0.041%), and (5.63 ± 0.003%) survival values for each treatment A, B, and C are (97.78 ± 3.85%), (97.33 ± 2.31%), and (97.14 ± 2.86%). production level values for each treatment A, B, and C are (99,96±7,14 g), (178.96±10,96 g), dan (257,56,±16,67 g). FCR values for each treatment A, B, and C which is (0.58 ± 0:04), (0.75 ± 0.04), and (0.89 ± 0.06). The results of measurements of water quality parameters for the temperature range between 26 - 330C, salinity 12-14 ppt; pH 7.97 to 8.69; DO from 3.25 to 3.78 mg / l, and ammonia from 0.02 to 0.04 mg / l. Based on the results of this study concluded that the best survival and growth of the density is 15 or 9 fish/m2

Emergence of Lava Dome From the Crater Lake of Kelud Volcano, East Java

DOI: 10.17014/ijog.v4i4.83Kelud Volcano (+1731 m) in East Java is one of the most active and dangerous volcanoes in Indonesia. A large lake occupies the summit crater. Historical eruptions generally only lasted for a very short time, mostly no longer than a few hours. The outburst is usually accompanied by pyroclastic flows. On August 2007, the activity of the volcano was initiated by the increase of the temperature of lake water and the change of the colour from typical green to yellow. Activities of the volcano are discussed following the swarms of volcano-tectonic (VT) earthquakes on September 10th, September 26th to 29th, and October 24th to November 2nd. On September 26th to 29th, hypocentral distribution of those VT shifted from 5 km deep to just beneath the crater. The highest number of VT earthquakes occurred on November 1st attaining 50 events, then followed by a swarm of B-type events, where the number reached 1437 events in a day. The volcanic activity peaked on November 3rd when seismic records became saturated, which then was preceded by a sharp increase of lake temperature and a sudden deflation of radial tilt. It suggests that the lava extrusion forming a lava dome was taking place