A Bidirectional Soft-Switched DAB-Based Single-Stage Three-Phase AC–DC Converter for V2G Application

In vehicle-to-grid applications, the battery charger of the electric vehicle (EV) needs to have a bidirectional power flow capability. Galvanic isolation is necessary for safety. An ac-dc bidirectional power converter with high-frequency isolation results in high power density, a key requirement for an on-board charger of an EV. Dual-active-bridge (DAB) converters are preferred in medium power and high voltage isolated dc-dc converters due to high power density and better efficiency. This paper presents a DAB-based three-phase ac-dc isolated converter with a novel modulation strategy that results in: 1) single-stage power conversion with no electrolytic capacitor, improving the reliability and power density; 2) open-loop power factor correction; 3) soft-switching of all semiconductor devices; and 4) a simple linear relationship between the control variable and the transferred active power. This paper presents a detailed analysis of the proposed operation, along with simulation results and experimental verification

Surgical Removal of Necrosed Venom Gland in Indian Spectacled Cobra (Naja naja)- A Case Report

An Indian spectacled cobra (Naja naja) with necrosed venom gland along with soft tissue mass was successfully removed surgically under general anesthesia by ketamine hydrochloride (50 mg/kg). Post operative care and management were performed by keeping the animal in captivity. Inj. Enrofloxacin® (10mg/kg) and Inj. Meloxicam® (0.2mg/kg) were administered post operatively. The snake was set free in the wild after complete recovery

Amelioration of digital PID controller performance for blood glucose level of diabetic patient

The background of this paper discusses the design of a digital PID (Proportional-integral derivative) controller for controlling the blood glucose level of a diabetic patient. The objective is to design a digital PID controller for external insulin injection which can inject insulin to the patient in an accurately controlled way to sustain the blood glucose level of a diabetic patient. The blood sugar level of the patient is considered as input variable & injected insulin level is considered as output variable which is to be controlled. A dynamic model is constructed & a transfer function is defined for this system. Using various tuning rules, the Proportional, Integral & Derivative coefficients are found. The conventional Ziegler Nicholas method produces a very high overshoot which can endanger the life of a patient. Therefore, other efficient tuning techniques like Chien-Hrones-Reswick (set-point regulation) and Chien-Hrones-Reswick (distribution regulation) methods are used here to find the Proportional, Integral & Derivative coefficient. The tuning responses are studied & parameters are compared. The best response given by the PID is converted into Digital PID. The different transformation methods to convert the conventional PID into the digital PID controller are studied

Designing of digital PID controller for blood glucose level of diabetic patient by using various tuning methods

The main objective of this paper is to design the digital PID controller for injecting insulin externally to the diabetic patient for maintaining a healthy blood glucose level. We have designed PID controllers using various tuning rules for examining the best performance in terms of different time response parameters like Overshoot, settling time & rise time, etc. Various tuning methods used for designing PID in this paper are the Ziegler Nichols method and the IPDT method. We have also made approximate mathematical modeling of blood glucose levels. Finally, we convert the conventional PID controller into a digital PID controller

Enhancement of digital PID controller performance for blood glucose level of diabetic patients using disparate tuning techniques

Objectives: To design digital PID controller by using CHR-I and CHR-II tuning techniques, as it helps in finding out the tuning parameters of controllers for a specific system. Transformation of analog to digital PID controller using various transformation techniques like first order hold method, impulse-invariant mapping, Tustin approximation and zero-pole mapping equivalents and also the mathematical modeling of blood glucose level, such that a system injects the exact amount of insulin into the body of diabetic patient to maintain his/her glucose level to the normal range. Method/Statistical Analysis: The differential equation of the blood glucose level is formulated and then it is converted to three-dimensional Laplace equation using forward Laplace transform. Using the Laplace transform the differential equation of the blood glucose is converted into a s-domain equation. Then, using the s-domain equation as the equation of the system and the Tuning techniques, CHR-I and CHR-II, the tuning parameters (Kp, Ki and Kd) are acquired. Then, it is converted into digital, i.e. in z-domain, by applying disparate transformation techniques. Findings: On analyzing the acquired equation, it is depicted that on tuning the controller with CHR-I tuning technique the system exhibits zero overshoot which is most reliable and efficient for diabetic patient. Also, a considerable settling time of 6.3362 seconds is also achieved. Application/Improvement: Therefore, a system that can inject the exact amount of insulin into the patient's blood and bring the blood glucose level to the normal range, by automatically calculating the amount of insulin required, from the available status of blood glucose level, is being achieved

Ameliorating the FOPID (PIλDμ) controller parameters for heating furnace using optimization techniques

Since the heating furnace system has emanated it has faced the problem of high power consumption, colossal amount of time to heat the substances and the vulnerability of getting exploded thus the objective of the paper is to achieve a system for same with less power consumption, whit time to heat the substances and making it safe from explosion. Using the mathematical way of modeling the dynamic critical systems the heating furnace is being modeled by using the damping, spring and mass elements. The integer order model of the system is being achieved by the Laplace transform and fractional order model for the same is obtained using the Grunwald-Letnikov formula. The Cohen-Coon tuning technique is being amalgamated with the Nelder-Mead, Interior-Point, Active-Set and Sequential Quadratic Programming optimization techniques respectively so as to design the FOPID controller for heating furnace. When the feedback systems were being formed then the outputs demonstrated that the system now consists the properties of less power consumption, less time to heat the substances along with less overshoot. Earlier the integer order model had the settling time (time taken to heat the substance), steady state error (power consumption) and overshoot (explosion) of 1500 seconds, 50% and 0% respectively. When the PID controller was designed for the same using Cohen-Coon tuning technique and forming a feedback system it had setting time of around 800 sec. and also the steady state error was brought to 0% but the overshoot went up to 35%. Therefore FOPID controller is being designed using the concocted technique that is the amalgamation of tuning technique and optimization techniques and forming and feedback system with FOM of heating furnace, the system yielded steady state error as 0%, where the settling time have been reduced to 300 seconds and overshoot between 7%-12%. Using the concocted technique that is the amalgamation of Cohen-Coon tuning technique with the optimization tuning techniques the FOPID controller was being formed for the FOM of the heating furnace which is being kept in feedback so as to form a system. Thus systems formed ameliorated the settling time i.e. time taken to heat the substance, the overshoot i.e. the vulnerability of getting exploded also remains low and the steady state error i.e. power consumption is also reduced drastically

Tuning of FOPID controller for meliorating the performance of the heating furnace using conventional tuning and optimization technique

The milieu of the paper is the melioration of the performance of heating furnace, which is done by the tuning of the fractional order proportional integral derivative (FOPID) controller using various tuning techniques and the optimization algorithms. These techniques help us to find out the standards of the integer order tuning parameters and also the fractional order parameters of the PID controller. The Astrom-Hagglund and the Chien-Hrones-Reswick methods of tuning are used for tuning the tuning parameters of the controller, where Nelder-Mead optimization technique is used for optimizing the values of differ-integrals. These standards of parameters obtained using mentioned tuning techniques help us to generate standardized differ-integral order of the FOPID controller. This helps to improve the performance of the heating furnace. The complete process has been executed after the approximate dynamic modelling of the heating furnace

Genetic variability and character association studies in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) under two different water regimes

The present study was undertaken to estimate the GCV, PCV, heritability, genetic advance, and correlation for yield and its attributes in a set of forty-nine bread wheat genotypes, assessed under irrigated and rainfed conditions. Relatively high GCV, PCV, heritability, and genetic advance were found for TPP, GYP, and BYP in both conditions. It implying that crop improvement can be achieved by selecting these traits and such characters could be transmitted through hybridization to the progeny. In the correlation study, the highest significant positive correlation was observed between GPS and GWS in both environments. The results demonstrated that TPP and BYP are important components for improving grain yield in both irrigated and rainfed conditions

DGIdb 5.0: Rebuilding the Drug-Gene Interaction Database for precision medicine and drug discovery platforms

The Drug-Gene Interaction Database (DGIdb, https://dgidb.org) is a publicly accessible resource that aggregates genes or gene products, drugs and drug-gene interaction records to drive hypothesis generation and discovery for clinicians and researchers. DGIdb 5.0 is the latest release and includes substantial architectural and functional updates to support integration into clinical and drug discovery pipelines. The DGIdb service architecture has been split into separate client and server applications, enabling consistent data access for users of both the application programming interface (API) and web interface. The new interface was developed in ReactJS, and includes dynamic visualizations and consistency in the display of user interface elements. A GraphQL API has been added to support customizable queries for all drugs, genes, annotations and associated data. Updated documentation provides users with example queries and detailed usage instructions for these new features. In addition, six sources have been added and many existing sources have been updated. Newly added sources include ChemIDplus, HemOnc, NCIt (National Cancer Institute Thesaurus), Drugs@FDA, HGNC (HUGO Gene Nomenclature Committee) and RxNorm. These new sources have been incorporated into DGIdb to provide additional records and enhance annotations of regulatory approval status for therapeutics. Methods for grouping drugs and genes have been expanded upon and developed as independent modular normalizers during import. The updates to these sources and grouping methods have resulted in an improvement in FAIR (findability, accessibility, interoperability and reusability) data representation in DGIdb