Reflective Learning within a Counselor Education Curriculum

The literature on counselor education and supervision acknowledged the importance of self-awareness and self-reflection in supervision. As counselor educators we emphasized a need to prepare students for reflective practice prior to the practicum experience. In order to investigate how active learning and opportunities were being infused, we conducted an inquiry into the core curriculum of a Community Counseling program. Learning activities were categorized and charted according to the eight core areas of counselor education. This case study analysis provides a guide for a curriculum review of reflective learning and a catalyst for further inquiry

Reflective Learning within a Counselor Education Curriculum

The literature on counselor education and supervision acknowledged the importance of self-awareness and self-reflection in supervision. As counselor educators we emphasized a need to prepare students for reflective practice prior to the practicum experience. In order to investigate how active learning and opportunities were being infused, we conducted an inquiry into the core curriculum of a Community Counseling program. Learning activities were categorized and charted according to the eight core areas of counselor education. This case study analysis provides a guide for a curriculum review of reflective learning and a catalyst for further inquiry

Boronic Acid Derivatives Targeting HIV-1

A series of novel boronic acid derivatives containing either a pyrimidine or purine base was synthesized. The preparation involved the condensation of 4-bromobutyl boronic acid with the appropriate base. These acyclic nucleosides were designed as potential antiviral agents especially targeting the human immunodeficiency virus. Two analogues, 6-chloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine and 2,6-dichloro-9-(4-dihydroxyborylbutyl)purine, exhibited EC50 values of 7.7 µM and 0.99 µM, respectively, in an HIV-1 syncytial plaque reduction assay

Characterization of the DNA polymerases induced by a group of herpes simplex virus type I variants selected for growth in the presence of phosphonoformic acid

Five independently derived variants of a herpes simplex virus type I (HSV-1) strain were plaque purified from a virus population passaged in 1 mM phosphonoformic acid (PFA). The DNA polymerase induced by the parent and PFA-resistant viruses were purified and characterized. No differences were observed among the enzymes with respect to their chromatographic properties, specific activities, or polypeptides resolved by sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The variant enzymes exhibited levels of PFA resistance which ranged from 15- to 25-fold. Resistance to PFA was always associated with a similar degree of resistance to its congener phosphonoacetic acid, but cross-resistance to beta-phenylphosphonoacetic acid was only seen with two of the five variant enzymes. PFA and pyrophosphate were mutually competitive in PPi exchange reactions, but in DNA synthetic reactions the levels of resistance to PFA and PPi were not equal. The apparent affinities of the enzymes for Mg2+ did parallel their affinities for PFA. Km values of dNTPs were about 2-fold higher than the parent virus enzyme for all of the variant enzymes except one which was 4-fold higher. The processivity of polymerization was apparently unaffected by the enzyme changes related to PFA resistance although one variant enzyme had a lower value. Resistance among the variant enzymes to the triphosphates of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine and 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine was directly related to the level of resistance to PFA. The data presented here indicated that (i) PFA resistance may result from several types of active site alterations, since the PFA-resistant enzymes were of three kinetically distinct types. Also, additional enzyme alterations, probably unrelated to PFA resistance, were detected in one enzyme. (ii) PFA and PPi possess some different binding determinants within the active center of herpes simplex virus type I DNA polymerase. (iii) PFA and the triphosphates of 9-(2-hydroxyethoxymethyl)guanine and 2',3'-dideoxyguanosine may have a common ultimate inhibitory mechanism

Changes in Environment and Management Practices Improve Foot Health in Zoo-Housed Flamingos

This is the final version. Available on open access from MDPI via the DOI in this recordData Availability Statement: Anonymized data files and all associated metadata are available from Zenodo (https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.8020339, accessed on 13 June 2023). In line with the FAIR data principles, the data are made available under the following creative commons license: Attribution 4.0 International (CC BY 4.0).Foot lesions are a highly prevalent phenomenon among zoo-housed flamingos, with up to 99.8% of birds affected. These lesions are a recognized welfare concern, increasing the likelihood of bacterial infections, and even septicemia. Although several risk factors have been linked to foot lesions in flamingos (including age, climate, and substrate), there have been few studies looking at changes in foot lesions over time. This study tracked changes in foot lesions for an individual flock of Chilean Flamingos (97 birds) at Dublin Zoo, Ireland, over an 18-month period in response to a mandatory indoor housing order imposed by the Irish Government as a seasonal precautionary measure to prevent the spread of avian influenza. Using a pre-defined scoring system for four common types of foot lesions (hyperkeratosis, fissures, nodular lesions, and papillomatous growths), we show that providing unrestricted access to outdoor habitats and natural substrates (both terrestrial and aquatic) can improve the health and wellbeing of zoo-housed flamingos. This longitudinal study highlights the importance of regular foot health monitoring in flamingos, and the importance of natural aquatic substrates when managing flamingos. As many zoo-housed birds have been spending more time indoors on artificial substrates over recent years due to avian influenza housing orders, it is critical that we assess the impact of such changes in management and habitat access on bird health and welfar

Susceptibility of phosphonoformic acid-resistant herpes simplex virus variants to arabinosylnucleosides and aphidicolin.

A plaque-reduction assay was used to examine the susceptibility of five phosphonoformic acid-resistant variants of herpes simplex virus type 1 to arabinosylnucleosides and aphidicolin. These viruses were cross-resistant to arabinosylhypoxanthine and to arabinosyladenine when tested in the absence of deoxycoformycin, a deaminase inhibitor. In the presence of deoxycoformycin, no cross-resistance between arabinosyladenine and phosphonoformic acid was observed. The two variants tested were cross-resistant to arabinosylthymine, and all five variants were collaterally susceptible to aphidicolin inhibition

FORUM Plant species richness: the world records

Abstract Questions: The co-existence of high numbers of species has always fascinated ecologists, but what and where are the communities with the world records for plant species richness? The species-area relationship is among the best-known patterns in community ecology, but does it give a consistent global pattern for the most saturated communities, the global maxima? Location: The world. Methods: We assembled the maximum values recorded for vascular plant species richness for contiguous areas from 1 mm 2 up to 1 ha. We applied the power function to relate maximal richness to area and to make extrapolations to the whole Earth. Results: Only two community types contain global plant species maxima. The maxima at smaller spatial grain were from oligo-to meso-trophic, managed, semi-natural, temperate grasslands (e.g. 89 species on 1 m 2 ), those at larger grains were from tropical rain forests (e.g. 942 species on 1 ha). The maximum richness values closely followed a power function with z = 0.250: close to Preston's 'canonical' value of 0.262. There was no discernable difference between maxima using rooted presence (i.e. including only plants rooted in the plot) vs shoot presence (i.e. including any plant with physical cover over the plot). However, shoot presence values must logically be greater, with the curves flattening out at very small grain, and there is evidence of this from point quadrats. Extrapolating the curve to the terrestrial surface of the Earth gave a prediction of 219 204 vascular plant species, surprisingly close to a recent estimate of 275 000 actual species. Conclusions: Very high richness at any spatial grain is found only in two particular habitat/community types. Nevertheless, these high richness values form a very strong, consistent pattern, not greatly affected by the method of sampling, and this pattern extrapolates amazingly well. The records challenge ecologists to consider mechanisms of species co-existence, answers to the 'Paradox of the Plankton'

Metabolism of 9-(1,3-dihydroxy-2-propoxymethyl)guanine, a new anti-herpes virus compound, in herpes simplex virus-infected cells

Mise en évidence de la phosphorylation du 9-(1,3-dihydroxypropoxyméthyl)guanine (DHPG) conduisant à la formation d'un DHPGTP et à l'incorporation de cet analogue de nucléoside dans l'ADN

The northern Hikurangi margin three-dimensional plate interface in New Zealand remains rough 100 km from the trench

At the northern Hikurangi margin (North Island, New Zealand), shallow slow slip events (SSEs) frequently accommodate subduction-interface plate motion from landward of the trench to <20 km depth. SSEs may be spatially related to geometrical interface heterogeneity, though kilometer-scale plate-interface roughness imaged by active-source seismic methods is only constrained offshore at <12 km depth. Onshore constraints are comparatively lacking, but we mapped the Hikurangi margin plate interface using receiver functions from data collected by a dense 22 × 10 km array of 49 broadband seismometers. The plate interface manifests as a positive-amplitude conversion (velocity increase with depth) dipping west from 10 to 17 km depth. This interface corroborates relocated earthquake hypocenters, seismic velocity models, and downdip extrapolation of depth-converted two-dimensional active-source lines. Our mapped plate interface has kilometer-amplitude roughness we interpret as oceanic volcanics or seamounts, and is 1–4 km shallower than the regional-scale plate-interface model used in geodetic inversions. Slip during SSEs may thus have different magnitudes and/or distributions than previously thought. We show interface roughness also leads to shear-strength variability, where slip may nucleate in locally weak areas and propagate across areas of low shear-strength gradient. Heterogeneous shear strength throughout the depth range of the northern Hikurangi margin may govern the nature of plate deformation, including the localization of both slow slip and hazardous earthquakes