DESENVOLVIMENTO DE MUDAS DE PARICÁ SOB INFLUÊNCIA DE DIFERENTES SUBSTRATOS E NÍVEIS DE SOMBREAMENTOS

The production of seedlings is a fundamental step for any species to reach its high standard of productivity and quality. Factors such as the correct choice of substrate types and light intensity to which the seedlings are submitted during this phase should be considered. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of paricá seedlings under the influence of different organic substrates and shading levels. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, arranged in split plots, using four levels of shading (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%) as the primary factor, and four types of organic substrates: A (100 % fermented crushed açaí seed); B (65% açaí + 35% poultry litter); C (20% poultry litter + 50% sawdust + 30% soil) and D (100% soil – control), as a secondary factor. Five biweekly evaluations of the variables total height, diameter at neck height and number of leaves were carried out. Organic compost B and levels of 30% and 50% of shading provided better means for the variables analyzed. Therefore, these treatments are recommended for the production of paricá seedlings.A produção de mudas é uma etapa fundamental para que qualquer espécie alcance seu alto padrão de produtividade e qualidade. Deve-se considerar fatores como a escolha correta dos tipos de substratos e intensidade de luz as quais as mudas são submetidas durante essa fase. Com isso, o objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o desenvolvimento inicial de mudas de paricá sob a influência de diferentes substratos orgânicos e níveis de sombreamento. O delineamento experimental foi disposto em blocos casualizados, com arranjo em parcelas subdivididas, com a utilização de quatro níveis de sombreamento (0%, 30%, 50% e 70%) como fator primário, e quatro tipos de substratos orgânicos: A (100% caroço de açaí triturado fermentado); B (65% açaí + 35% cama de aviário); C (20% cama de aviário + 50% pó de serra + 30% solo) e D (100% solo – testemunha), como fator secundário. Foram realizadas cinco avaliações quinzenais das variáveis altura total, diâmetro a altura do colo e número de folhas. O composto orgânico B e os níveis de 30% e 50% de sombreamento proporcionaram melhores médias para as variáveis analisadas, sendo estes recomendados para a produção de mudas de paricá. Palavras-chave: Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby; luminosidade; mudas florestais; produção mudas; substratos orgânicos.   Development of paricá seedlings under the influence of different substrates and shadow levels   ABSTRACT: The production of seedlings is a fundamental step for any species to reach its high standard of productivity and quality. Factors such as the correct choice of substrate types and light intensity to which the seedlings are submitted during this phase should be considered. Thus, the objective of this work was to evaluate the initial development of paricá seedlings under the influence of different organic substrates and shading levels. The experimental design was arranged in randomized blocks, arranged in split plots, using four levels of shading (0%, 30%, 50% and 70%) as the primary factor, and four types of organic substrates: A (100 % fermented crushed açaí seed); B (65% açaí + 35% poultry litter); C (20% poultry litter + 50% sawdust + 30% soil) and D (100% soil – control), as a secondary factor. Five biweekly evaluations of the variables total height, diameter at neck height and number of leaves were carried out. Organic compost B and levels of 30% and 50% of shading provided better means for the variables analyzed. Therefore, these treatments are recommended for the production of paricá seedlings. Keywords: Schizolobium parahyba var. amazonicum (Huber ex Ducke) Barneby; luminosity; forest seedlings; seedling production; organic substrates

Açaí production in the municipality of São Miguel do Guamá, Pará: perspective of açaí beaters

The pulp of the açaí fruit is a staple food for a large part of the population of Pará. Nonetheless, despite the significance of açaí product for the regional economy, there is a gap in the literature on the market potential for processing this fruit. Thus, the objective of this study was to identify the challenges and opportunities of açaí beaters in the development of the activity in the municipality of São Miguel do Guamá, state of Pará, Brazil. This investigation is characterized as applied research, composed of qualitative and quantitative approaches. Data collection was based on interviews with açaí beaters and with linked production chains: middlemen, waste loaders, financial support institutions, and support institutions. The results were submitted to SWOT analysis to determine the risk factors of the internal-external matrix. As an internal risk factor, it was observed the difficulty to maintain income during the harvest period, given the decrease in the availability of raw materials and the drop in the price of the product. Externally, the risk is due to the lack of strengthening of collective organizations. It was also observed that there is a great distance between the açaí beaters and the public actors of the support institutions. The SWOT analysis was effective in identifying the activity that faces severe threats and weaknesses, internally and externally, which serves as a warning to the municipality, institutions, and actors regarding the greater attention needed to its production chain, which is evidenced by the lack of investments in this activity