Responses to hydric stress in the seed-borne necrotrophic fungus Alternaria brassicicola

Alternaria brassicicola is a necrotrophic fungus causing black spot disease and is an economically important seed-borne pathogen of cultivated brassicas. Seed transmission is a crucial component of its parasitic cycle as it promotes long-term survival and dispersal. Recent studies, conducted with the Arabidopsis thaliana/A. brassicicola pathosystem, showed that the level of susceptibility of the fungus to water stress strongly influenced its seed transmission ability. In this study, we gained further insights into the mechanisms involved in the seed infection process by analyzing the transcriptomic and metabolomic responses of germinated spores of A. brassicicola exposed to water stress. Then, the repertoire of putative hydrophilins, a group of proteins that are assumed to be involved in cellular dehydration tolerance, was established in A. brassicicola based on the expression data and additional structural and biochemical criteria. Phenotyping of single deletion mutants deficient for fungal hydrophilin-like proteins showed that they were affected in their transmission to A. thaliana seeds, although their aggressiveness on host vegetative tissues remained intact

A Petri Net Based Environment for the Design of Event-Driven Interfaces

. Modern window-based user interfaces are actually a special kind of reactive system, and Petri nets may be fruitfully used to design such user - computer dialogues. This paper describes a software engineering tool aimed at supporting the use of high-level Petri nets for the specification, design and implementation of user interfaces in an event-driven interface system. We assess the rationale for the use of Petri nets in such a perspective. We then detail the object-oriented software architecture of the environment, and present an original algorithm for interpreting high-level Petri nets in an event-driven environment. Key-words : User Interface, Design, Computer tools for nets, High-level Petri nets. Contents 1. Introduction __________________________________________________________ 1 2. Event-driven programming ______________________________________________ 2 3. Architecture of interactive systems ________________________________________ 5 4. Designing event-driven interfaces wit..

Domain Specific Methods and Tools for the Design of Advanced Interactive Techniques

Novel interactive systems such as Augmented Reality are promising tools considering the possibilities they offer, but no real development methods exist at the moment to help designers in their work. We present in this paper a design method for tightly coupling early interaction design choices and software design solutions. Our work is based on an existing model used for abstract UI design, and introduces a second model dedicated to the software UI specification and the model-based process used to derive one from the other. To achieve this, we present here a framework based on domain specific models and transformations to link them and thus support the development process

A Bridging Framework for the Modeling of Devices, Users, and Interfaces

This paper presents a bridging framework for combining the results of various models of human-computer interaction. It views a system as a composite of interacting subsystems, and describes how those subsystems must be structured to permit compositions in which responsibility for global behavior can be appropriately ascribed. The paper presents a human-device example (wrist watch) and develops a range of task and device models. The devices and tasks are modeled by colored Petri nets partitioned to cleanly distinguish submodel component visibility and interface affordances. The formality of Petri nets allows for axiomatic validation of isolated and interacting subsystems. KEYWORDS: Petri nets, User Interface Design, System Modeling, Task Modeling INTRODUCTION Research in human-computer interaction abounds in various notations, formalisms and models that aim at capturing one or more aspects of a domain. One underlying problem is that various disciplines relating to HCI are complex in ..

Photoelectrochemical and electrochemical urea oxidation with microwave-assisted synthesized Co-Fe2O3@NiO core–shell nanocomposites

International audienc