A survey on neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. I. Tumours occurring in cattle

A survey was carried out on all the bovine neoplasms recorded in the registration files of the Section of Pathology of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974. The 606 neoplasms were divided and tabulated into 20 groups according to body systems or tissue types. Skin, connective tissue, lymphoid tissue and ocular tumours in that order accounted for the majority of neoplasms. Squamous cell carcinoma was the most frequent neoplasm and the 2 main sites for it were the eye and the vulva. Fibromas and fibrosarcomas made up the majority of the connective tissue tumours. The lymphoid tissue tumours, composed almost entirely of lymphosarcomas, were the 3rd most common group of tumours. Penile fibropapillomas and cutaneous papillomas were commonly encountered, and there was also a noteworthy incidence of melanomas, mesotheliomas and neurofibromas. The male and female genital tracts were relatively frequently neoplastic, due principally to the occurrence of penile fibropapillomas, vulvar squamous cell carcinomas and uterine carcinomas. The incidence of respiratory, hepatic and vascular system tumours was moderate, whilst tumours of the endocrine, central nervous, skeletal and muscular systems were rarely encountered.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey of neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. V. Tumours occurring in the cat

A total of 243 neoplasms were recorded in a survey of all the feline neoplasms which are reported in the registration files of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, Republic of South Africa, covering a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974. The tissues most commonly neoplastic were the skin, followed by the lymphoid tissue, the digestive tract and the genital system, which together accounted for 76,6% of the total tumours. Squamous cell carcinomas, the commonest type of tumour, accounted for 65 (26,7%) of the 243 neoplasms, followed by lymphosarcomas with 50 (20,5%). The majority of squamous cell carcinomas involved the skin, especially that of the ear and nose. A reasonably high proportion of these tumours also occurred on the tongue and eyelid. The commonest form of distribution for lymphosarcomas was the multicentric form, followed by the alimentary, the renal and thymic forms. Squamous cell carcinomas were the most frequent type of skin tumours, followed by basal cell tumours, mastocytomas and melanomas. The digestive tract accounted for 33 (13,5%) of the neoplasms, the 3 most commonly encountered being squamous cell carcinomas, lymphosarcomas and intestinal adenocarcinomas. The mammary gland tumours accounted for 23 (9,5%) of the total, 61% of which were carcinomas. Other tumours encountered were fibromas, fibrosarcomas involving particularly the skin, melanomas of the skin or eye, osteosarcomas, hepatocellular carcinomas and haemangiosarcomas.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey on neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. II. Tumours occurring in sheep

A survey was carried out on all ovine neoplasms recorded in the registration files of the Section of Pathology of the Veterinary Research Institute at Onderstepoort over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974. The neoplasms were divided and tabulated into 8 groups according to body systems or tissue types. Out of a total of 673 neoplasms, 436 (64,8%) were cases of jaagsiekte (pulmonary adenomatosis). Of the remaining 237 neoplasms, 41,3% involved the skin. Eighty per cent of the cutaneous neoplasms were squamous cell carcinomas which varied from well-differentiated to anaplastic. The majority occurred on the head, in particular on the ears, frontal region and on the eyelids or nictitating membrane. Several factors have been suggested to explain the high incidence of squamous cell carcinomas on the head. Lymphosarcomas were the 3rd most commonly encountered tumours, whilst a significant number of hepatocellular carcinomas also occurred. A variety of tumours of connective tissue origin were recorded, the most common of which arose from fibrous tissue and cartilage.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey on neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. IV. Tumours occurring in Equidae

A survey was carried out on the neoplasms of horses, donkeys and mules which are recorded in the registration files of the Section of Pathology of the Veterinary Research Institute, Onderstepoort, in the Republic of South Africa, over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974. A total of 378 tumours are recorded, 339 of which were in horses, 32 in mules and 7 in donkeys. Sarcoids (38%), squamous cell carcinomas (23,5%), fibromas (8,2%), melanomas (8,0%), papillomas (4,5%), fibrosarcomas (3,4%) and lymphosarcomas (3,0%) accounted for 88,6% of the total. Of the 58 sarcoids for which the site or origin was determined, 46,5% occurred on the head, 32,8% on the chest and abdomen, 19% on the limbs especially below the level of the carpus or hock and 1,7% on the neck. Fifty percent of the 89 squamous cell carcinomas occurred on or around the eyes, especially on the eyelids or nictitating membrane, 23% involved the penis and/or prepuce, while just over 20% arose on the skin. The melanomas involved the skin and eye, whilst papillomas originated primarily on the skin and less frequently on the penis.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey of neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. III. Tumours occurring in pigs and goats

A survey was carried out on all the neoplasms in pigs and goats which are recorded in the registration files of the Section of Pathology of the Veterinary Research Institute at Onderstepoort over a period of 40 years, from 1935 to 1974. The tumours encountered in these 2 species were tabulated separately according to their type and site of origin. In pigs, 24 tumours were recorded, and in goats, only 21. Of the porcine neoplasms 13 (54%) were lymphosarcomas, 5 (20,8%) were cutaneous squamous cell carcinomas and 2 (8,4%) were embryonal nephromas. In goats, 8 (38%) of the tumours were squamous cell carcinomas, 50% of which occurred in the perineal region. Malignant melanomas and papillomas each made up 19% of the total, whilst lymphosarcomas accounted for 14% of the total caprine tumours.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

A survey on neoplasia in domestic species over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974 in the Republic of South Africa. VI. Tumours occurring in dogs

A survey was carried out on all canine neoplasms recorded in the registration files of the Section of Pathology of the Veterinary Research Institute at Onderstepoort over a 40-year period from 1935 to 1974. The neoplasms were divided and tabulated into 14 groups according to body systems or tissue types. A total of 3 388 neoplasms were recorded. The 5 most frequently affected body systems were the mesenchymal tissues (33,7%) the skin and adnexa (20,8%) the female genital tract (10,2%), the lymphohaemopoietic tissues (8,9%) and the male genital tract (5,8%). Mastocytomas, the most frequently encountered type of tumour, accounted for 12,7% of all the neoplasms, followed by lymphosarcomas, melanomas, squamous cell carcinomas, basal cell tumours, haemangiosarcomas and histiocytomas. A variety of mesenchymal tumours were encountered, the most common types being mastocytomas and histiocytomas as well as tumours of vascular, fibrous and adipose tissue origin. The principal cutaneous tumours included basal cell tumours, squamous cell carcinomas, perianal gland tumours and melanomas. Eighty per cent of the neoplasms of the female genital tract were mammary tumours, 50% of which were mixed mammary tumours, whilst the principal neoplasms of the male genital tract involved the testes, of which Sertoli cell tumours were the commonest type. The majority of the digestive tract neoplasms occurred in the oral cavity, the most frequently recorded types being inflammatory epulides and melanomas. Osteosarcomas, neurofibromas and thyroid carcinomas were, respectively, the most frequently encountered neoplasms of the skeletal, nervous and endocrine systems. Pulmonary adenocarcinomas, melanomas and cholangiocarcinomas were the commonest tumours of the lung, eye and liver.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format

Pathological findings in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis in dogs

The gross and histopathological lesions of 10 cases in a natural outbreak of aflatoxicosis amongst dogs in the Republic of South Africa are reported. The 10 cases were classified as acute (1 case), subacute (7 cases) and chronic (2 cases) on the basis of the nature, degree and extent of the following histopathological feactures : hepatocellular fatty degeneration, necrosis or regeneration ; proliferation of bile ductules ; accumulation of bile within the canaliculi ; fibroplasia; and, mucoid degeneration, necrosis or segmental atrophy of the larger intrahepatic bile ducts. Fatty degeneration was noted grossly in the Iivers of all 10 cases and bile stasis in 4. Varying degrees of fibrosis were present depending on the stage of the disease. In the 2 chronic cases in which nodular regeneration was also observed fibrosis was pronounced. Other macroscopic findings included icterus, anaemia, ascites, hydrothorax, hydropericardium, anasarca, pulmonary oedema, gastro-enterorrhagia and nephrosis.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Copper toxicity in ruminants : air pollution as a possible cause

Pathological findings and liver and kidney analyses confirmed that cattle had died of chronic copper poisoning on a farm in the north-eastern Transvaal. This is the first known published record of chronic copper intoxication of cattle in southern Africa. An epidemiological study revealed that a source of copper was air pollution which could have arisen from a nearby copper smelting unit. Buffalo and impala in an adjacent area of the Kruger National Park were found to have significantly higher liver copper levels than animals elsewhere in the Park. Prophylactic licks, containing zinc sulphate and sulphur, seemed to be successful in protecting cattle against the effects of the copper in the contaminated grazingThe articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Cardiomyopathy of ruminants induced by the litter of poultry fed on rations containing the ionophore antibiotic, maduramicin. 1. Epidemiology, clinical signs and clinical pathology

The epidemiological, clinical and clinical pathological findings in 20 cattle and 4 sheep from 15 outbreaks of poultry litter toxicity in South Africa over the past 6 years are documented. In 6 outbreaks, the litter emanated from batteries where maduramicin had been incorporated into rations of broilers. According to circumstantial evidence the litter involved in the 9 other outbreaks was also derived from broilers which had been fed on rations containing an ionophore. The litter was fed ad libitum to the affected stock or constituted 30-80% by volume of their rations. The principal sign manifested was sudden mortality of up to 70% of the herd or flock, usually within 20-40 days of commencement of feeding of poultry litter. A few cattle developed signs of congestive heart failure, and stiffness was commonly seen in sheep. In a dosing trial with poultry litter involving 1 steer and 6 sheep, the steer and a sheep died suddenly and a second sheep was destroyed in extremis. Tachycardia and/or cardiac arrythmia were recorded in 5 sheep, and the activity of aspartate transaminase (AST) and/or lactate dehydrogenase (LD) in the sera of 4 was elevated. Since the cardiac lesions in field cases were similar to those of ionophore poisoning and broiler rations containing maduramicin was a common factor in several outbreaks, toxic litter from some of these outbreaks were tested for the presence of this compound. Analysis by high performance liquid chromatography of litter from 2 specimens of outbreaks revealed that they contained 2,5ppm and 6,1ppm maduramicin. Sheep in a trial fed rations incorporating c 2,5ppm and 5ppm maduramicin, developed clinical signs and lesions consistent with those of the field cases.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Cardiomyopathy of ruminants induced by the litter of poultry fed on rations containing the ionophore antibiotic, maduramicin. II. Macropathology and histopathology

This report contains an account of the gross and histopathological lesions of 20 cattle and four sheep in 15 field outbreaks of poultry litter toxicity, one steer fed ad lib. and six sheep dosed with toxic poultry litter, and ten sheep fed experimental rations containing c 2,5 ppm and 5 ppm maduramicin. The principle macroscopic lesions in most cattle that died in field outbreaks were indicative of congestive heart failure. The lesions in sheep were similar, but generally milder. Cardiac dilatation was observed in both sheep and cattle. Microscopically, the cardiac lesions were more pronounced in cattle and comprised varying degrees of atrophy, hypertrophy, degeneration, necrosis of myocardial fibres, and interstitial fibrosis. Skeletal muscle lesions were usually more severe in sheep, particularly in the muscles of the hindquarters which appeared pale, oedematous and mottled. One of the sheep in the poultry litter dosing trial developed signs of congestive heart failure and the hearts of two others were dilated. Extensive hypertrophy and atrophy of myocardial fibres were evident in the steer fed ad lib. with this material. As in field cases, the myocardial lesions of the sheep were less severe than those of the steer. Mild cardiac dilatation was present in four of the seven sheep in the maduramicin feeding trial. Diffuse hypertrophy of myocardial nuclei was present in all seven cases, myocardial fibre atrophy in six, multifocal fibrosis and necrosis in six and two cases, respectively, and focal endocardial thickening in two. The skeletal muscles revealed granular degeneration and foci of necrosis and regeneration. The cardiac and skeletal lesions in the field outbreaks, poultry litter feeding trials and maduramicin feeding trials, were highly comparable. This suggests that this form of poultry litter intoxication is a chronic form of ionophore toxicity, the pathology of which is characterized by a dilated cardiomyopathy with congestive heart failure and mild (cattle) to severe (sheep) skeletal muscle lesions.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201